计及充电行为特征与可调性的电动汽车集群优化调度

Optimal Scheduling of Electric Vehicle Clusters Considering Characteristics and Adjustability of Charging Behavior

针对传统电动汽车集群优化调度过程中未能充分考虑电动汽车是否具备参与电网响应的物理条件和主观意愿等问题,提出一种基于双向门控循环单元(Bi-GRU)的电动汽车充电行为可调性识别方法,并以聚合商收益最大为目标进行优化调度。首先,利用电动汽车在充电站内的真实数据描述电动汽车用户充电时间特征、充电电量特征,并从影响用户参与优化调度的主观意愿因素出发,分析并描述用户充电偏好;其次,构建充电过程物理矩阵和用户响应意愿矩阵,并采用Bi-GRU模型将电动汽车划分为可调电动汽车集群与不可调电动汽车集群,计算可调集群充电电量与不可调集群充电电量;最后,从电动汽车聚合商利益最大化角度出发,提出考虑分时电价影响的电动汽车集群参与电网优化调度模型及求解策略。算例表明,与传统优化调度方法相比,所提Bi-GRU模型能精准识别电动汽车是否具备可调性,且优化调度策略能在保证聚合商收益最大化前提下有效平抑负荷波动,保证电网安全稳定运行。

In response to issues such as whether electric vehicles have the physical conditions and subjective willingness to participate in grid response that are not fully considered in the traditional optimal scheduling process of electric vehicle clusters,a method based on bidirectional gated recurrent unit(Bi-GRU)is proposed to identify the adjustability of electric vehicle charging behavior,and the scheduling is optimized with the objective of maximizing the revenue of aggregators.Firstly,the real data of electric vehicles in the charging station is used to describe the charging time and charging capacity characteristics of electric vehicle users.Starting from the subjective willingness factors that affect users’participation in the optimal scheduling,the charging preferences of users are analyzed and described.Secondly,the physical matrix of the charging process and the user response willingness matrix are constructed,and the Bi-GRU model is used to divide electric vehicles into adjustable electric vehicle clusters and non-adjustable electric vehicle clusters,and the charging capacities are calculated.Finally,from the perspective of maximizing the revenues of electric vehicle aggregators,a model and solution strategy for the participation in power grid optimal scheduling of electric vehicle clusters considering the impact of time of use electricity prices are proposed.The calculation case shows that compared with traditional optimal scheduling methods,the proposed Bi-GRU model can accurately identify whether electric vehicles have adjustability,and the optimal scheduling strategy can effectively suppress load fluctuations and ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid while ensuring the maximization of aggregator revenues.