国家管辖范围外区域海洋遗传资源管理瓶颈及展望

Challenges and prospects formanagement of marine genetic resources in areas beyond national jurisdiction

海洋遗传资源是国家管辖范围外区域(Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction,以下简称ABNJ)海洋生物多样性谈判的重要内容之一,其管理面临诸多瓶颈,如管理范围未明确、管理主体未确定、法律地位未界定、获取问题和惠益分享问题未解决等。本文梳理分析ABNJ渔业资源和矿产资源管理的现状及特点,通过借鉴其管理经验,建议在开展ABNJ海洋遗传资源管理时应当明确管理范围,减少与现有管理框架之间的重复与冲突;加强国际合作,通过一个全球性机构进行统一管理;将海洋遗传资源确定为“人类共同继承财产”;在管理中应用预防性措施,并明确管理规制对非缔约方的强制性;根据不同的惠益分享类型开展管理等。

The issue of marine genetic resources(MGR),one of the important topics of negotiations on marine biodiversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction(ABNJ),encounters varieties of challenges like unclear management scope,unrecognized management subject,undefined legal status,and unresolved access and benefit-sharing patterns arising from utilization of MGR.Inspired by the management of fisheries resources and mineral resources in ABNJ,the paper presented some suggestions for the management of MGR in ABNJ.The scope of management should be clarified to coordinate with the existing management framework.The cooperation should be encouraged between countries.A global agency should be established or empowered to be responsible for coordinating the management.MGR should be identified as the"common heritage of mankind".The precautionary approach should be applied to the management of MGR.Mandatory provisions for non-party should be incorporated in the agreement.Different types of benefit-sharing patterns should be defined in accordance with the different procedures in the utilization of MGR.