全国中医院校预防医学专业“毒理学基础”课程建设现状分析与探讨

Current situation and discussion on curriculum construction of "Fundamentals of Toxicology" in preventive medicine major of TCM universities in China

目的了解全国中医院校预防医学专业“毒理学基础”课程建设现状。方法采用整群抽样法,选择2019年至2020学年开设“毒理学基础”课程的全国中医高校预防医学专业本科生为研究对象,编制问卷并进行描述性分析和雷达图分析。结果本研究共调查6所中医院校,83.09%(344/414)的学生认为有必要开设“毒理学基础”课程,而学习动力主要为应对考试。课程开设学期与学生意愿一致率为59.90%(248/414)。理论课教学内容、选用教材和学时满意度较好的比例分别为64.73%(268/414)、55.07%(228/414)和59.90%(248/414)。实验课设置、教学效果和学时满意度较好的比例分别为59.66%(247/414)、62.08%(257/414)和58.21%(241/414)。实验课设置5次[27.29%(113/414)]或4次[26.81%(111/414)]较好,每组人数4人最好[53.86%(223/414)]。最感兴趣实验项目为骨髓微核试验[29.21%(59/202)],还需增加综合设计实验和操作性强实验项目。课程核心知识掌握情况雷达图为正常运作型,各校学生掌握情况间均存在一定差异。结论全国中医院校预防医学专业“毒理学基础”课程设置及学生核心知识掌握水平存在一定的差异,需从开设学期、教材选用、讲授内容、实验项目等方面优化课程建设。

Objective To know the current situation of curriculum construction of"Fundamentals of Toxicology"of preventive medicine major in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)universities.Methods The undergraduates of preventive medicine major from TCM universities in whole China were selected as the research objects using the cluster sampling method,who took"Fundamentals of Toxicology"course in the 2019-2020 academic year.Questionnaires were compiled and analyzed using descriptive method and radar chart.Results Six TCM universities were investigated in this study.According to the results,83.09%(344/414)thought it was necessary to set up the"Fundamentals of Toxicology"course,and the main motivation was to deal with the examination.The agreement rate between the opening semester and the students'wishes was 59.90%(248/414),and the percentages of better satisfaction of theoretical course teaching content,selection of teaching materials and class time were 64.73%(268/414),55.07%(228/414)and 59.90%(248/414)respectively.The satisfaction rate of experimental course setting,teaching effect and class time was 59.66%(247/414),62.08%(257/414)and 58.21%(241/414)respectively.It was better to set five times[27.29%(113/414)]or four times[26.81%(111/414)],and four students in each group was the best[53.86%(223/414)].The most interesting experiment project was bone marrow micronucleus test[29.21%(59/202)],and comprehensive design experiments and highly operable experimental projects should be added.The radar chart of the core knowledge was normal operation type,and there were some differences among students in different schools.Conclusion There are some differences in the course setting and core knowledge mastery level of the"Fundamentals of Toxicology"course of preventive medicine major in TCM universities.It is necessary to optimize the curriculum construction from opening semester,textbook selection,teaching content,experimental project,etc.