法定逮捕要件模式的反思与重构

Reflection and Reconstruction of the Model of StatutoryArrest Requirements

为贯彻落实宽严相济的刑事政策,应当从前提、程序、实质三个要件入手加强对逮捕适用的程序控制。实践中,对于检察机关因忽视“犯罪嫌疑人在案”这一隐性的逮捕前提性条件而导致的“空捕”现象,应明确其为非法逮捕。在逮捕的程序要件上,检察机关应当立足于责任担当,自觉将讯问犯罪嫌疑人作为逮捕的必备程序要件,未经讯问,不批捕。在逮捕的实质要件上,应明确必要性要件之地位以及其与社会危险性要件的关系,对实质要件坚持“四要件”体系,即:(1)证据要件;(2)刑罚要件;(3)社会危险性要件;(4)必要性要件。至于迳行逮捕,其社会危险性是法律拟制而非推定,之后的羁押必要性审查亦无法推翻,只能从合法性角度展开羁押必要性审查。

In order to implement the criminal policy of blending leniency and severity,it is necessary to strengthen the procedural control of arrest from the three elements of premise,procedure,and substance.In practice,it should be clarified that the phenomenon of"empty arrest"caused by the procuratorate's ignorance of the implicit premise of arrest that"the criminal suspect is in the case"should be clarified as illegal arrest.In terms of the procedural requirements for arrest,the procuratorate shall base itself on responsibility,conscientiously take the interrogation of the criminal suspect as a necessary procedural element of arrest,and never approve arrest without interrogation.In terms of the substantive elements of arrest,the status of the essential elements and their relationship with the elements of danger to society should be clarified.The"four elements"system should be adhered to for the substantive elements,namely,(1)evidentiary elements,(2)criminal elements,(3)social danger elements,and(4)necessity elements.As for direct arrest,the danger to society is a legal finding rather than presumption,and the subsequent review of the necessity of detention cannot be overturned;the review of the necessity of detention can only be carried out from the perspective of legality.