论构建在华国际组织内部司法机制的模式与路径

On the Model and Path to Build the Internal Justice Mechanism of International Organizations in China

专司职员争端解决的国际组织内部司法能够规制行政当局在职员雇用关系中的行政权力,保障职员的合法权益免受行政当局侵犯。故而内部司法机制的构建被认为是维护国际组织内部法治与职员个人权利的关键一环,并被视为国际组织享有司法管辖豁免的前提条件,最终影响到组织职能的履行。目前,亚投行等在华国际组织的内部司法机制尚付阙如,这将不利于其内部治理,并有违全球治理中的公平正义、人权保障等精神与价值,使国际组织难以实现其承载的国家利益和国际社会共同利益。通过研究国际组织内部司法机制的构建方式、审级制度等基本运作模式,我们或可在已经拟议设立国际行政法庭的亚投行构建一审终审的内部司法机制。该机制在总结联合国、欧盟以及世界银行等最具代表性且运作成熟的内部司法制度成败得失的基础上有所继承和创新,以期能够代表当前最高水准,并引领未来发展方向。该机制还可以为其他在华国际组织,甚至为全球范围的更多国际组织提供职员争端解决服务。借助该机制,在华国际组织能充分发挥自身的载体功能和依托作用,在参与全球治理时起到示范效果,以更好地推进全球治理中国方案的落实。

The internal judicial mechanisms of international organizations that specialize in resolving work-related disputes can regulate the administrative power of executive authorities in employment relations and protect the legitimate rights and interests of staff from being violated by executive authorities.Therefore,the establishment of an internal judicial mechanism is considered a key element in safeguarding the internal rule of law of the organization and the individual rights of staff members,and is considered as a prerequisite for the organization to enjoy immunity from jurisdiction,which ultimately affects the performance of the organization's functions.At present,international organizations in China,such as the AIIB,haven't yet to establish their internal judicial mechanisms,which is not conducive to the internal governance of these organizations and runs counter to the spirit and values of fairness,justice and human rights protection in the global governance,making it difficult for them to realize the national interests and common interests of the international community that they carry.By studying the constructing method of the internal justice mechanism and the trial system of international organizations,we may be able to build an internal judicial mechanism of first instance in the AIIB,which has already proposed the establishment of an international administrative tribunal.Based on the successes and failures of the most representative and mature internal justice systems of the United Nations,the European Union and the World Bank etc.,this mechanism can be inherited and innovated,simultaneously it is hoping to represent the current highest level and lead the direction of future development.The mechanism can also provide staff dispute resolution services for other international organizations in China and even more international organizations around the world.With the help of the mechanism,international organizations in China can give full play to their carrier function and supporting role and play an exemplary role in participating in global governance,so as to better promote the implementation of China's proposal on global governance.