唐史暨唐传奇视域中的“诗-史”建模--钱锺书错判陈寅恪之献疑

Poetry-History Modelling in the Perspective of Tang History and Tang Legends--Doubting Qian Zhongshu's Misjudgement on Chen Yinke

自1940年以降,在“诗-史”关系论域,陈寅恪(下简称陈),钱锺书(下简称钱)相继有各自的思辨路径暨诗学建模。陈从未臧否钱的诗学观,然从1942年《谈艺录》脱稿到1984年《谈艺录》修订本,乃至2002年三联版《写在人生边上·人生边上的边上·石语》所辑钱1978年的意大利演讲,钱数落陈的“诗-史”建模已逾半世纪。新世纪以来,学界介入此案之“孰是孰非”者渐多,大多数著述是判“钱是陈非”,其共同点是皆以钱著所主张的“诗-史分界”说为准绳,来径直错判陈的“诗-史”建模;却几无文献可证明错判者对陈著《隋唐制度渊源》《唐代政治史述》《元白诗笺证稿》也下苦功细读过。故错判者始终未识陈是以社会史家暨文学批评史家之“角色叠加”视角来构建其“诗-史”观,进而不解陈在唐史视域所设定的“以诗补史”(归属史学),竟异质于陈在唐传奇视域所设定的“诗俟史证”(归属诗学)。其结果,也就形同“众声喧哗”地表决,错判了在“诗-史”观一案的“钱是陈非”。本文所谓“献疑”,是愿在对钱著、陈著作一视同仁之文献细读的前提下,指出钱对陈的“错判”,根子亦在钱作为诗学巨子之“臆见矜高”,而对陈著(特别是《元白诗笺证稿》)未肯系统“探本”所致。

Since 1940,in the field of"poetry-history"relationship,Chen Yinke and Qian Zhongshu have had their own paths of thought and poetic modelling.Chen has never denounced Qian's poetic views,but Qian has been criticising Chen's"poetic-historical"model for more than half a century.Since the new century,more and more scholars have been involved in this case,but most of them have taken the"poetry-history division"advocated by Qian as a criterion,without referring to Chen's writings.The so-called"doubt"in this paper is willing to read the literature of Qian's and Chen's works on the same premise,pointing out that Qian's"wrong judgement"of Chen is also rooted in Qian's"high opinion"as a giant of poetics,while failing to make a systematic"exploration of the book"of Chen's writings(especially the"Yuanbai Poetry Notes and Certificates").