朱谦之的马克思主义之路

Zhu Qianzhi's Road to Marxism

无政府主义者朱谦之的马克思主义之路,是一个寓研究于批评、由表层达肌理的过程。五四时期,朱谦之虽立足于无政府主义批评马克思的无产阶级革命理论,但重视工农群众及坚持大同共产主义,构成他与马克思主义大致同调的革命基础。留日归来,他以生命哲学立场解析唯物辩证法,对辩证法批判性、革命性本质的认同,成为其与马克思主义肌理相通的学术因子。经历抗战救国的社会文化实践,朱谦之厘清了社会存在与社会意识、理论与实践的辩证关系,从唯物史观汲取更多的思想资源。中华人民共和国成立后,意识形态话语在体制化、组织化的知识分子改造中起了很大的助推作用,但“批评与研究”的学术互动和对社会现实的深刻体察,是朱谦之最终走向马克思主义的内驱力。

Anarchist Zhu Qianzhi's road to Maxism was a process of critical engagement with research and peeling of the layers to discover the truth.During the May Fourth Movement,Zhu criticized Marx's theory of proletarian revolution from an anarchist perspective.Yet he emphasized the great importance of workers and peasants and adhered to the communism of great harmony,which was in tune with the basic ideas in Marxist revolution.After returning from studying in Japan,he analyzed materialist dialectics from the standpoint of philosophy of life,and his recognition of the critical and revolutionary nature of dialectics became an academic linkage that connected him with Marxism.Through social and cultural pursuit of saving the nation during the Anti-Japanese War,he developed a clear vision of the dialectical relationship between social existence and social consciousness,theory and practice,and drew more ideological resources from historical materialism.After the founding of the People's Republic of China,ideological discourse played a great role in promoting the institutionalization and organization in transformation of Chinese intellectuals.However,it is the academic interaction between"criticism and research"and the profound understanding of social reality that served as the driving force for Zhu Qianzhi to embrace Marxism ultimately.