市场竞争、劳动价值与价格——一个马克思主义的非均衡理论和经验框架

Market Competition,Labor Value and Price:A Marxist Non-equilibrium Theoretical and Empirical Framework

市场价格、生产价格和价值的相关性和偏离度测算是检验劳动价值论的重要指标。但是,生产价格向量的求解尚未形成公认的解法,同时经济运动具有复杂性和动荡性,以完全竞争条件下的经济均衡为前提的生产价格从理论上并不能直接等价于市场价格。因此,本文从非均衡价格的视角出发,推导出了商品相对价格的取值范围由相对价值、剩余价值率和生产投入的技术结构共同决定,相对价格受市场竞争影响,在劳动价值论决定的取值范围内波动。本文基于中国经济数据的经验研究结果,不仅在一个更一般的意义上证明了劳动价值论的科学性和现实解释力,同时还揭示了剩余价值在产业部门间的分布情况,使劳动价值论发展为用于分析市场竞争、技术关系对产业结构和分配的实证研究框架。

The measurement of the correlation and deviation among market price,production price,and value is an important method for testing labor theory of value.However,the solutions of the production price vector has not yet formed a recognized method.Moreover,the economic movement is complex and volatile,so the production price based on economic equilibrium under the condition of perfect competition cannot theoretically be directly equivalent to the market price.Therefore,from the perspective of unbalanced price,this paper deduces that the value range of the relative price of commodities is jointly determined by the relative value,the rate of Surplus value and the technical structure of production input.The relative price fluctuates within the value range determined by the labor Axiology under the influence of market competition.The empirical research results based on China's economic data not only prove the scientific nature and practical explanatory power of the labor theory of value in a more general sense,but also reveal the distribution of surplus value among industrial sectors,making labor theory of value develop into an empirical research framework for analyzing how market competition and technological relationships affect industrial structure and distribution.