竞技运动的哲学内涵及其教育学意义——基于尼采身体哲学的视角

Philosophical Connotation of Competitive Sports and Its Pedagogical Implication——Based on Nietzsche's Body Philosophy

探讨竞技运动的哲学内涵是体育哲学研究的重要范畴。长期以来,诸多以探讨“体育内涵”为主题的体育哲学研究,往往对体育所涵盖的竞技、休闲、锻炼、娱乐等领域不加区分,笼统地使用“体育”这一总概念进行统摄,使得研究成果缺乏具体而深刻的解释力。文章立足于尼采的身体哲学,结合其关于人性、权力意志、苦乐观、男性气概、审美与陶醉等的论述,聚焦于竞技运动这一主题,阐发了竞技运动的内涵及其教育学意义。认为:作为身体存在方式的竞技运动,彰显了权力意志的表达,是人性发展的内在需要;痛苦是权力意志的催化剂,同样也是运动竞技中的核心体验之一;男性气概是尼采倡导的身体德性,同时是竞技运动中的价值典范;身体之美是竞技运动中的美学核心,陶醉是竞技运动中的最高审美体验。尼采的身体哲学思想为我们深入探讨竞技运动的内涵这一体育哲学主题提供了新的路径和空间。

To explore the philosophical connotation of competitive sports is an important category of sports philosophy.Many sports philosophical studies have long used the umbrella concept of sports,and failed to distinguish sports,leisure,exercise,entertainment,thus making the research findings lack explanatory power.Based on Nietzsche's body philosophy,and combined with his discussion on human nature,the will to power,bitterness and optimism,masculinity,aesthetics and intoxication,this paper focuses on the theme of competitive sports,and expounds the connotation of competitive sports and its pedagogical implication.The research holds that competitive sports,as a way of body existence,shows the expression of the will to power,and is the internal need of the development of human nature;pain is not only the catalyst of the will to power,but also one of the core experiences in competitive sports;masculinity is the body virtue advocated by Nietzsche,and is also a value model in competitive sports;the beauty of body is the aesthetic core of competitive sports,and intoxication is the highest aesthetic experience in competitive sports.Nietzsche's body philosophy provides a new path and space for us to deeply explore the connotation of competitive sports.