美国的东南亚“可持续基建政策”:演进、逻辑与前景

The US Sustainable Infrastructure Initiatives in Southeast Asia:Evolution,Logic,and Prospects

可持续基础设施正在成为美国加强与东南亚国家合作的重点领域。2016年至今,美国先后面向东南亚提出十余项可持续基建合作倡议,经历了前期试探、逐步推进和系统集成等3个阶段。美国聚焦东南亚的可持续基建,既基于东南亚各国日益增长的可持续基础设施需求,又服务于提升自身可持续发展国际引领力的战略考量,特别是试图在与“一带一路”倡议的竞争中取得相对优势。美国的可持续基建政策在制度设计上注重发展战略对接和调动次国家层面合作,在倡议执行中注重提高项目透明度和价值观嵌入,又通过议题联结、话语塑造、盟友动员、规范操纵,构建其在东南亚的可持续基建体系。美国的可持续基建计划在融资方面对东南亚国家具有一定吸引力,但双方的可持续基建合作也会受到资金落实、基建能力、东盟国家态度等因素的制约。中国一方面可以从美国的倡议和行动中借鉴经验,另一方面也应加强规范标准协商对接,促进可持续基础设施跨国务实合作。

Sustainable infrastructure has become a focal area for strengthening cooperation between the United States and Southeast Asian countries.Since 2016,the US has put forward over ten sustainable infrastructure cooperation initiatives in Southeast Asia which experience three stages including initial exploration,gradual advancement,and systematic integration.That the US manipulating the sustainable infrastructure in Southeast Asia region is mainly based on two rationales:the one is Southeast Asian countries have increasing demands on sustainable infrastructures and the other is that the US has its own strategic considerations in promoting its international leadership in sustainable development,particularly in attempting to gain a relative advantage in competition with China s Belt and Road Initiative.The US sustainable infrastructure policies emphasize strategic docking and improving subnational-level cooperation in the perspective of institutional design,while highlighting transparency enhancement and value embeddedness in the process of project implementation.Through issue linkage,discourse shaping,alliance mobilization,and norm manipulation,the US tries to construct its sustainable infrastructure system in Southeast Asia.The US activities in sustainable infrastructure have shown some attractiveness in financing for Southeast Asian countries.However,the cooperation between the US and Southeast Asian countries is constrained by real funding,infrastructure capacity and diverse attitudes of ASEAN countries.In this vein,China may learn from the US initiatives and actions in sustainable infrastructure on the one hand;on the other hand,China should focus norms and stands in sustainable infrastructure and coordinate with the standards of US sustainable infrastructure in order to promote the transnational cooperation in Southeast Asia.