技能竞赛对高职毕业生高质量就业的影响

Impacts of Skill Competitions on High Quality Employment among Vocational College Graduates

技能资产积累是个体获得社会地位的重要途径之一。近年来,高等教育扩张和社会经济转型弱化了二者之间的关系。作为高等职业教育学生技能养成的重要环节,技能竞赛对毕业生初职地位获得的影响尚未得到充分关注。本文对2022年全国高职院校毕业生就业调查的分析发现,技能竞赛参与能够显著提高毕业生的就业落实率和获得高薪、对口、优岗、稳定工作的可能性,且技能竞赛获奖带来的就业质量改善效果更大;进一步分析表明,技能竞赛对就业的促进作用具有“补差”效果,不仅为弱势家庭背景毕业生开放了向上流动的渠道,而且对低选拔性高校和中职起点毕业生的积极影响更大;机制分析表明,技能竞赛能够促进学生认知能力和核心自我评价的发展,帮助毕业生形成有效的技能资产,并转化为高质量的就业。未来职业教育发展应关注技能养成,以助力毕业生实现高质量的就业。

Skill asset is one of the critical social mobility channels.In recent years,the higher education expansion and the socioeconomic transformation have weakened their association.Skill competition is an integral part of the skill formation of vocational college students;however,there is a lack of academic attention on its mobility impact.Based on the 2022 National Survey of Vocational College Graduates Employment,this study shows that participation in skill competitions can significantly improve a graduate s likelihood of finding high quality employment,and the positive employment effect is larger for winning skill competition.Further analyses indicate that skill competitions can produce a compensation effect for career mobility,offering upward mobility for graduates from low socioeconomic backgrounds and those from less selective institutions.Mechanism analyses imply that skill competition can promote the growth of cognitive capacity and core self-assessment,which in turn facilitate the formation of effective skill assets and the acquisition of high-quality employment.Vocational education development shall focus on a student s skill formation and promote quality employment through effective skill formation.[HJ][LM]Legislation on the Supervision of Off-School Training in China:Object,Justification,and Construction ZHANG Qi,ZHAN Zhongle Page 98 To cope with the negative externalities of off-school training,China s off-school training has gone through a transition from normalized weak supervision to campaign-style weak supervision,and then to campaign-style strong supervision.From the perspective of managing education according to law,the supervision of off-school training should be based on law.However,at present,China s off-school training campaign-style strong supervision has deficiencies in the legislative supply.On the one hand,the Private Education Promotion Law fails to take into account the special orientation of off-school training,which not only eliminates the supplementary role of off-school training in school education,but also makes this supplementary role disappear,and limits the further exploration space of off-school training supervision practice,including legislative space;On the other hand,a series of legislation,including the Private Education Promotion Law,lacks targeted provisions applicable to the supervision of off-school training,which cannot meet the needs of supervision.As a result,the regulation of off-school training in China is mainly driven by policies.Compared with laws,the inherent shortcomings of policies in the three dimensions of clarity,accountability,and stability detract from the effectiveness of off-school training regulation,which determines that China should achieve the transformation of off-school training from campaign-style strong regulation to normalized strong regulation through legislation.As for the legislative construction,the appropriate choice is to formulate the Regulations on the Supervision of Off-School Training in the form of administrative regulations while revising the Law on the Promotion of Private Education.With the former,the off-school training institutions will be separated from the category of private schools,changing the reality that off-school training institutions and private schools are standardized as one;With the latter,based on the special orientation of off-school training,the off-school training is comprehensively regulated from five aspects:regulatory system,regulatory object,regulatory principle,regulatory content,and responsibility system.The Driving Effect of Higher Education Spatial Layout on Innovative Economy through the Lens of Governance BAO Wei,WU Jiaqi Page 125 Strengthening the power of education-led technology is an important strategic choice for promoting innovation-driven economic development in the new era of China.This paper aims to explore the impact and mechanism of the spatial layout of higher education on the development of the innovative economy.Through reviewing the historical evolution,we find that the spatial layout of higher education in China has experienced three stages:low-level equilibrium,gradient development,and high-quality equilibrium.The driving force is the combination of political logic and economic logic,reflecting a high degree of governmental dominance.Based on an empirical analysis of provincial panel data from 2005 to 2019,we find that the quantity aggregation of higher education resources in China exhibits a pattern of both overall regional coordination and rapid growth of large-scale cluster poles.However,regional imbalances in quality aggregation still exist.The study confirms that spatial agglomeration of higher education can accelerate regional innovative economy.Compared with quantity aggregation,the driving effect of quality aggregation on the innovative economy is more significant,especially in the stage of high-quality equilibrium after 2012.In addition,the mechanism of the spatial layout in higher education on the innovative economy is constrained by the regional governance capacity.Due to the gap in regional governance capacity,the driving effect of higher education quality aggregation on the innovative economy weakens successively in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the Yangtze River Delta region,the Western Triangle region,and the Northeast region.The disparity in good governance provides an interdisciplinary perspective for explaining the heterogeneity between regions.This paper expands the interpretive perspective of the spatial layout of higher education and economic development in China at the theoretical level and provides scientific guidance for promoting the optimization of higher education spatial layout,achieving high-quality economic development,and modernizing regional governance at the practical level.[LM]Does Space Matter?The Effects of New Campus on the Productivity of Humanistic and Social Scientific Research in Universities CAO Yulian,HA Wei Page 149 China s rapid expansion of higher education since 1999 has led to a wave of new campus construction.While new campuses expanded the physical space of universities,they also resulted in the dispersion and suburbanization of university campuses and increased operating costs.This study examines the effects of new campus construction on humanistic and social scientific research output,using data from 1994 to 2019 for Chinese research universities among Project 211 and their quantity of research publications published by MOE.By employing staggered Difference in Differences,we find that the construction of a new local campus has significant negative effects on the number of papers published in the humanities and social sciences,and that of a non-local new campus has no significant impact on it.Results from an event study design show that the negative effects of the local new campus on the publication of papers in the humanities and social science intensify year by year.Moreover,we find that the construction of a local new campus leads to a decrease in research funding and the number of faculty,constituting the primary mechanism by which local new campuses impact the research output of humanities and social sciences departments.The increase in campus size and commuting distance resulting from the construction of new campuses does not have an impact on research in the humanities and social sciences.Additionally,the negative impact of local new campus construction is less pronounced for Project 985 universities and universities directly under MOE.Finally,we find that the construction of a local new campus has a significant negative impact on the quality of research output among the humanities and social sciences.