营养和运动疗法对妊娠期糖尿病的治疗效果分析

Effect of Nutrition and Exercise Therapy on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

目的评价妊娠期糖尿病患者应用营养和运动疗法的有效性。方法方便选取2022年1月—2023年1月福建省福安市妇幼保健院门诊接诊的98例妊娠期糖尿病患者,使用随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,每组49例。对照组采用常规门诊干预,观察组在对照组的基础上提供营养和运动疗法,对比两组干预效果。结果干预后,观察组的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖和糖化血红蛋白低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,观察组的总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组体质指数、孕期增重重量均小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者不良妊娠结局发生率小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组新生儿不良结局发生率小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.900,P<0.05)。结论妊娠期糖尿病患者应用营养和运动疗法可以显著降低血糖和血脂,可以降低患者和新生儿并发症发生率。

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition and exercise therapy in patients with gestational diabe⁃tes.Methods A total of 98 patients with gestational diabetes were selected from the outpatient department of Fuan Ma⁃ternal and Child Health Hospital of Fujian Province from January 2022 to January 2023,and divided into control group and observation group,with 49 cases in each group using random number table method.The control group re⁃ceived routine outpatient intervention,and the observation group was provided with nutrition and exercise therapy on the basis of the control group,and the intervention effect of the two groups was compared.Results After the interven⁃tion,the fasting blood glucose,2 h postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);after intervention,the total cholesterol,triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of the observation group were lower than those of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Observation group of patients the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome is less than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse neonatal outcomes in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=4.900,P<0.05).Conclusion The application of nutrition and exercise therapy in patients with gestational diabetes can significantly reduce blood glucose and blood lipids,and can reduce the incidence of complications in patients and newborns.