跨境侵权下知识产权的地域性突破

A Regional Breakthrough in Intellectual Property Rights under Cross-Border Infringement

传统理论认为,知识产权因源于一国法定、反映该国政策而具有绝对地域性,以致各国在司法裁判中多不承认他国知识产权法得在本国境内发生效力。随着信息技术的发展和贸易往来的密切,固守绝对的地域性已不足以应对来自境外的知识产权侵权,故产生了基于效果和基于行为的地域性突破模式。其中,基于效果的突破模式立足于知识产权的价值发挥,不仅能有效保护知识产权人的合法权益,也能避免因干涉他国知产政策、侵犯别国发展主权、阻碍知识产品流通、影响国际交流合作而带来的不利后果。因此,对于涉外知识产权侵权,我国司法实践应摒弃径直适用法院地法的思维惯性,对请求保护地法作出合理解释,确立“以适用侵权结果发生地法为一般,有限适用侵权行为地法为例外”的法律适用原则。

According to traditional theory,the effectiveness of intellectual property is absolutely limited to certain area,making courts refuse to accept the application of other countries'intellectual property laws in the aspect of cross-border IPR infringement.However,with the rapid development of technology and the prosperity of trade,the type and scale of cross-border IPR infringement have changed dramatically,which means traditional theory can not effectively handle this problem.So countries have begun to accept the extraterritorial application of intellectual property laws in different degreesand produced two models:"effectiveness"and"behaviorism".In contrast,"effectiveness"is more legitimate and superior.It can not only moderately protect the interests of the right holder according to achieving the function and value of the property,but also avoid infringing on other countries'intellectual property policies,impair the sovereignty of economic development,obstruct the circulation of intellectual products or impede international exchanges and cooperation.Therefore,in the future,China's judicial practice should abandon the thinking inertia of directly applying the court law,so as to apply the law of the place where the consequence occurred as a principle,and also allow the limited application of the law of the place where the infringement happened when it is needed.