体力活动视角下城市绿色空间与居民健康研究进展与展望

Progress and Prospects of Research on Urban Green Space and Public Health from the Perspective of Physical Activity

快速城市化引发了一系列城市病,给人居环境带来前所未有的挑战,也对居民身心健康造成威胁,体力活动为关联绿色空间与居民健康提供了研究路径。本文从研究脉络与分析框架、影响因素以及实证研究进展三方面对体力活动视角下绿色空间影响居民健康的研究进行梳理评述。结果表明:众多学科基于单一和融合视角开展的理论探索与分析框架构建为研究奠定了坚实基础,多维影响因素的探索推动了绿色空间对体力活动和健康干预结果的实证研究及应用发展。最后对未来研究进行展望,并基于“社会-生态学”理论综合构建了“绿色空间特征识别-个体环境感知评价-体力活动水平量化-健康效应产出机制”的研究框架。以期完善体力活动视角下绿色空间发挥健康效应的理论研究与实证探索,也为合理规划城市绿色空间以干预居民体力活动,进而提升公共健康水平提供科学证据与思路借鉴。

Rapid urbanisation has given rise to a range of urban diseases that pose unprecedented challenges to the human environment and threats to the physical and mental health of residents.Effective physical activity can reduce chronic diseases.Urban green spaces can provide space for exercise,and high-quality green spaces have a positive effect on physical activity.Therefore,physical activity can be used as a link between green spaces and the health of residents.At present,research on the themes of“urban green space”,“health”and“physical activity”has produced a wealth of results,particularly in the area of“socio-ecological”theory.The widespread use of socio-ecological theories has led to a gradual integration of the three,with research evolving from simply exploring the existence of interrelationships to seeking deeper mechanisms.However,due to the complex process of transformation from green space to health effect output,the current research is slow.Therefore,this paper reviews the relevant researches from three aspects:research lineage and analytical framework,influencing factors,and progress of empirical research.The findings show that,firstly,the theoretical exploration and the construction of analytical frameworks by many disciplines have laid a solid foundation for the research,and the current analytical frameworks are mainly conducted from three perspectives,including the health behavior perspective,the psychological recovery perspective and the ecosystem services perspective.Among them,the health behavior perspective directly uses physical activity as a mediating variable to construct an analytical framework for the health effects of green space;the psychological recovery perspective introduces human-environment interaction indicators(e.g.physical activity,social activity,etc.)as mediating variables into the analytical framework for the mental health of green space;and the ecosystem services perspective explores the theoretical pathways and the analytical framework for ecosystem services in the process of the natural environment influencing the output of health effects.The ecosystem services perspective explores the theoretical pathways and analytical framework of ecosystem services in the process of natural environmental impact on health outcomes.Secondly,the factors that influence residents’health in urban green spaces from the physical activity perspective include both objective spatial characteristics and subjective individual perceptions,with different factors influencing residents’physical activity choices and thus producing different health effects.The objective spatial characteristics are mainly based on five dimensions:functional characteristics,geometric characteristics,spatial configuration,spatial quality and spatial accessibility.Subjective perceptions are usually developed in two dimensions:safety perception and aesthetic perception.Thirdly,the exploration of basic theories has promoted the development of empirical research.Studies have found that urban green space has an impact on the willingness,frequency,duration and intensity of physical activity,and that green space can intervene in a variety of physical and psychological illnesses by influencing residents’physical activity.In addition,research on the mechanisms by which green space affects the physical activity of different groups and health equity policies has become a current hot topic.In summary,this paper argues that future research should promote disciplinary integration and deepen theoretical exploration,while enriching research data,optimizing research methods and continuously improving the research framework to promote empirical exploration.Based on the research results,this paper has constructed a comprehensive approach based on the“social-ecological”theory of“green space characteristics identification-individual environmental perception evaluation-physical activity level quantification-health effect output mechanism”.The research framework is based on the“social-ecological”theory.It is hoped that this paper will improve the theoretical research and empirical exploration of the health effects of green spaces from the perspective of physical activity,and also provide ideas for the rational planning of urban green spaces to intervene in residents’physical activity and improve public health.