耦合用地分区的云南高原村庄分类方法研究--以昆明石林彝族自治县为例

Research on Yunnan Plateau Village Classification Method Coupled with Land Subdivision:Taking Shilin Yi Autonomous County of Kunming as an Example

国家《乡村振兴战略规划(2018—2022年)》将村庄划分为5种类型,以定性分析为主,科学性不足。云南省在此分类基础上增加兴边固边类,但各地村庄分类情况复杂,标准不一。本文以昆明石林彝族自治县为例,基于用地分区探究村庄分类,体现“地”与“类”结合的思路,并将“暂不明确类”定义为“精明收缩类”。首先依据云南省高原用地分区标准,采用主导指标及综合分析法,创新耦合用地适宜性评价结果并核验,将村庄分为“坝区村庄”“半山半坝村庄”和“山区村庄”;其次,以频次分析法构建村庄分类评价体系,量化分为五个等级,并说明优先级得到初始分类结果;最后将分区结果和初始分类结果互相耦合,以“区—大类—小类”的分类结构得到石林县“三区五大类十一小类”的村庄分类结果。本文尝试基于用地特征探究云南省高原村庄分类方法,为其他高原地区村庄分类提供实践参考。

The classification of villages is an important part of the results of village specific planning in territorial spatial planning.The National Strategic Plan for Rural Revitalization(2018-2022)clearly classifies villages into five types,such as suburban integration and gathering and upgrading,which is based on qualitative analysis and is not scientific enough,nor does it reflect local adaptability.Yunnan Province is a unique environment with a large number of villages,and the classification is complex with varying standards across the region.However,the province basically follows the national classification standards,and although some areas have added categories of“thriving and strengthening borders”,the scope of application is limited.The Guide for the Preparation of Special Plans for the Layout of Villages in Yunnan Counties(for Trial Implementation)also specifies the classification in the same way as the national standard,ignoring its special location conditions,which affects the classification of rural planning.This paper takes Kunming’s Shilin Yi Autonomous County as an example,and explores the classification of highland villages based on land zoning,reflecting the idea of combining“land”and“class”.It also defines the“uncertain class”as“shrewd contraction class”,and advocates that some villages seek a reduced development path in response to the increasing urbanization rate in China and the current situation of hollowing out and abandonment of villages in Yunnan Province.Firstly,village zoning is based on the Yunnan Plateau Land Zoning Standard.Yunnan Province divides land into dam land,half mountain and half dam land and mountain land in order to promote the construction of highland mountain towns.In this paper,the original classification method was optimized,the leading index and comprehensive analysis method were used for preliminary zoning,the coupled land suitability evaluation results were innovated,and the distribution of POI concentrated development areas and satellite images were verified to obtain more suitable zoning results.The villages were divided into“dam village”,“half mountain and half dam village”and“mountain village”.Secondly,with reference to existing research results,the initial classification was carried out using the common indicator system method for village classification.In order to improve the applicability and rationality of the indicators,the evaluation system was constructed by using frequency analysis to select common indicators,which were quantified into five evaluation elements and weighted into five levels.At the same time,in order to cope with the problem that a village may be classified into more than one category,the initial classification of villages was obtained by filtering and determining the priority,and then according to the order of priority.Finally,in order to reflect the interaction and complete unity of“land”and“class”,the partition result and the initial classification result are coupled to each other.The coupling is based on the dynamic consistency of internal and external environment.At the same time,in order to improve the possibility of implementing the plan,the broad categories are subdivided,taking into account their location,connotations and proximity.Finally,the results of village classification of“five categories in three districts and eleven categories”in Shilin County were obtained based on the classification structure of“district-class-subcategory”.It is worth noting that it is difficult to achieve complete“mutual exclusivity”between sub-categories,therefore,after subdividing the sub-categories,“compatibility”with other types should be fully considered in order to formulate development strategies as precisely as possible.In summary,the classification of villages is subject to a balance between local and universal.The mechanics of village typology in large scale areas are extremely complex,while the practical value of village typology studies in small scale areas is very limited.Therefore,this paper attempts to explore the village typology of the Yunnan Plateau based on land use characteristics from the perspective of one type of region,in order to provide a practical reference for the village typology of other plateau regions.