反抗的启蒙与启蒙的反抗--从鲁迅的《离婚》谈起

The Enlightenment of Resistance and the Resistance of Enlightenment--Speaking from Lu Xun’s Works Divorce

《离婚》中的爱姑通常被看作封建妇女,作为具有讽刺意味的形象而被解读出反封建的主题。本文立足于文本细读的形象学分析,将爱姑及祥林嫂等女性作为具有启蒙意识的反抗者进行正面讨论。归纳系列反抗者的特点与类型,联系社会发展历史指出不同类型的启蒙来源,进而探讨反抗何以失败,从大众化角度将五四与左翼两个时期的鲁迅勾连出一种延续性。借鉴日本民众史家安丸良夫的思想,梳理启蒙与反抗的关系,发掘鲁迅启蒙观中内涵的民众视角对五四的超越,这也是对“封建妇女”的反抗进行正面阐释的视点所在。这种不断反思、超越的独立性品格背后一以贯之的现实主义观与辩证思维,使得鲁迅的思想深刻而复杂,也注定了鲁迅在五四和左翼团体中处于“在而不属于”的位置。否定之否定精神是真正的革命精神,也是思考启蒙问题的原点。

The heroin Ai Gu in Divorce is usually regarded as a feudal woman,who is interpreted as an ironic image with the theme of anti-feudalism.Based on the analysis of imagology through the intensive reading of the text,this paper conducts a positive discussion on women by taking Ai Gu and Sister Xiang Lin as rebels with enlightenment consciousness.It sums up the characteristics and types of a series of rebels,and points out different types of enlightenment sources in connection with social development history so as to further explore the reasons of failure of such resistances,outlining Lu Xun’s continuity in the two periods of the May Fourth period and the left-wing from a popular perspective.Drawing inspiration from the thoughts of Japanese historian Yasumaru Yoshio,this study examines the relationship between enlightenment and resistance,and explores the public perspective of Lu Xun’s enlightenment view that transcends the May Fourth Movement.This is also the very viewpoint of positive interpretation of the resistance of“feudal women”.The consistent realism and dialectical thinking behind this independent character of continuous reflection and transcendence not only enable Lu Xun’s thoughts to be profound and complex,but also destine him to be in a position of“being but not belonging”in the May Fourth Movement and left-wing groups.The spirit of continuous negation is not merely the true revolutionary spirit,but the original point of the deep thinking about enlightenment issues as well.