基于元胞自动机的人群疏散出口设置研究

Research on Exit Setting of Crowd Evacuation Based on Cellular Automata

为研究公共场所出口条件对人群疏散效率的制约程度,通过MATLAB软件建立元胞自动机模型来实现人群疏散仿真模拟。出口客观条件对人群疏散的限制程度可通过完成疏散所需时间步长体现出来,仿真结果可以反映不同人群安全风险指标对疏散效率的影响程度。仿真结果表明,待疏散场所出口宽度对人群疏散效率有明显影响,大型公共场所总门宽小于2 m时会大幅限制疏散效率,随着出口宽度的增加,人群所需疏散时间步长减少;在保证单出口宽度不过窄情形下,场所出口总宽度为一定值,双出口设置比单出口设置更利于提高人群疏散效率。

In order to study the restriction degree of exit conditions in public places on crowd evacuation efficiency,a cellular automata model was established by MATLAB software to realize crowd evacuation simulation.The restriction degree of exit objective conditions on crowd evacuation can be reflected by the time needed to complete evacuation,and the simulation results can reflect the impact degree of different crowd security risk indicators on evacuation efficiency.The simulation results show that the width of the exit has a significant impact on the evacuation efficiency.When the total door width of a large public place is less than 2 meters,the evacuation efficiency is greatly limited.With the increase of the exit width,the evacuation time is shortened.Under the condition that the width of single exit is not narrow and the total width of exit is a certain value,the setting of double exit is more conducive to improving the efficiency of crowd evacuation than that of single exit.