上海某区早产和早期儿认知运动能力发展水平分析

Cognitive and motor ability in premature and early term infants in a district of Shanghai

目的探索不同胎龄儿童在生命早期的运动、认知能力,为尽快开展早期儿生命早期监测与干预提供依据。方法选择2017年1—4月,上海市某区妇幼保健院就诊的婴幼儿(n=2646)纳入研究,按照出生孕周分为早产儿组(<37周)、早期儿组(3738+6周)及完全足月儿组(3940+6周)。使用贝莉Ⅲ筛查量表对儿童运动、认知能力进行筛查评估。结果早产儿组(<37孕周)、早期儿组(3738孕周)、完全足月儿组(3940孕周)三组儿童,在大运动(F=11.90,P<0.001)、精细动作(F=9.65,P<0.001)、认知能力(F=9.65,P<0.001)能区得分均存在差异;经事后两两比较,早期儿组三个能区得分均低于足月儿组(Q=6.05、5.71、5.61,P均<0.05)。同时,在1218月龄时,早产儿组精细运动得分低于足月儿组(Q=3.43,P<0.05),早期儿组大运动、精细运动得分均低于足月儿组(Q值分别为4.17、3.32,P均<0.05)。结论早期儿的大运动、精细运动、认知能力均较足月儿下降。

Objective To investigate the motor ability and cognitive development of early term infants in a district of Shanghai.Methods A total of 2646 infants were enrolled in a maternal and children's hospital of Shanghai during January to April of 2017,including 106 cases of preterm infants(<37 week),889 cases of early term infants(3738+6 week)and 1651 cases of full term infants(3940+6 week).The gross motor,fine motor and cognitive development of infants were assessed by Bayley-ⅢScreening Test.Results There were significant differences in scores of gross motor,fine motor and cognitive development among preterm infants,early term infants and full term infants(F=11.90,9.65 and 9.65,P<0.001);and the scores in early term infants were significantly lower than those in full term infants(Q=6.05,5.71 and 5.61,P<0.05).At the age of 1218 months,the score of fine motor in preterm infants was significantly lower than that in full term infants(Q=3.43,P<0.05),and the scores of gross motor and fine motor in early term infants were significantly lower than those in full term infants(Q=4.17 and 3.32,P<0.05).Conclusion The study indicates that the early term infants lag behind full term infants in gross motor,fine motor and cognitive development.