铂族金属火法冶炼技术研究进展

Research progress of platinum group metals pyrometallurgy technology

全球铂族金属资源高度集中,我国铂族金属资源匮乏,随着我国对海外铂族金属矿产的开发,实现对铂族金属资源的高效回收利用有着重要意义。本文对目前铂族金属的火法冶炼机理、工艺进行了综述,以期为今后铂族金属矿火法冶炼技术相关研究提供借鉴和参考。同时指出,对于浮选后的铂族金属精矿,电炉+转炉工艺仍然是主要的火法冶炼方法,工艺流程包括干燥、电炉熔炼制备低镍锍(低冰镍)、转炉吹炼制备高镍锍(高冰镍)等。未来铂族金属矿火法熔炼技术的研究可重点关注铂族金属矿物的强化熔炼、熔池熔炼等高效熔炼方法,低镍锍吹炼可重点关注连续吹炼(底吹、多枪顶吹)替代PS转炉吹炼的可行性。

The platinum group metals distribution is highly concentrated around the world,while platinum group metal resources are significantly limited in China.It is important to achieve efficient utilization of platinum group metal resources during the overseas development of platinum group metal mines by Chinese companies.In this article,the current pyrometallurgy mechanism and process of platinum group metals are reviewed,with a view to provide reference for future research on pyrometallurgy technology of platinum group metal ores.For platinum group metal concentrate from flotation,the electric furnace+converter process is still the main pyrometallurgy method,including drying,smelting to prepare low nickel matte(furnace matte)by electric furnace,converting to prepare high nickel matte(converter matte)by converter,etc.Future research on platinum group metal ores smelting technology should focus on the development and utilization of efficient smelting methods such as enhanced smelting and bath smelting,of Platinum Palladium minerals,and low grade nickel matte converting can focus on the feasibility of continuous converting such as bottom blowing and multi lance top blowing instead of PS converter converting.