政策工具视角下我国教育数字化转型的现状与审思

Current Situation and Reflection of Digital Transformation of Education in China from the Perspective of Policy Tools

政策工具是政策文本的表现形式,也是政策目标和政策行动之间的连接机制,通过施用于有关部门与目标团体从而实现相关政策目标。文章基于28份与教育数字化转型相关的政策文件,通过工具分类、议题界定、政策编码的手段,遵循“政策工具—政策议题”的二维矩阵分析框架进行统计分析,将我国当前教育数字化转型相关政策的现状予以完整呈现。研究发现,我国教育数字化转型的相关政策可分为“改善基础设施、开发在线资源、构建网络空间、改革治理体系、发展师生能力、开展试点案例”六大议题。当前,我国教育数字化转型的相关政策存在政策工具整体结构失衡、内部运用失调、选择偏向单一的问题。在未来政策制定上,应调整政策工具结构、加大基础设施建设的政策供给、加强试点示范与实践推进、优化政策工具与政策议题配置。

The policy tool is the basic component of policy document,as well as the method and means adopted by the issued subjects to achieve relevant policy objectives. Based on 28 policy documents related to the digital transformation of education, following the two-dimensional matrix analysis framework of "policy tool-policy issue", this paper presents the current situation of digital transformation of education in China by means of tool classification, issue determination, content coding and statistical description. It is found that the relevant policies for digital transformation of education in China can be divided into six major issues: improving infrastructure, developing online resources, building cyberspace, reforming governance system, developing teachers' and students' abilities, and carrying out pilot cases. Currently, some problems exist in relevant policies, such as the imbalance of the overall structure of policy tools, the disorder of internal utilization, and the preference for a single choice. For future policy formulation, it is necessary to adjust the structure of policy tools, increase the policy supply of infrastructure construction, strengthen the pilot demonstration and practice promotion, and optimize the allocation of policy tools and policy issues.