侵犯商业秘密罪规制疑难问题及破解研究

Research on Regulation Difficulties and Solutions of the Crime of Infringing Trade Secret

2020年《刑法修正案(十一)》对侵犯商业秘密罪进行大幅修改,调整了该罪入罪标准、行为方式、法律责任等内容,对该类案件的裁判提供了重要指引,然而,侵犯商业秘密罪规制仍面临如下疑难问题:商业秘密认定要件面临较大争议及挑战、侵权行为规制范围与识别尺度尚存困惑,“情节严重”的判别路径及其与“重大损失”的关系并未澄清,进而影响到司法实践中对该罪的正确认定与处罚。为破解侵犯商业秘密罪规制疑难问题,需要在重新证成商业秘密“三要件”基础上进一步阐释各要件认定路径、明确该罪法益进而为单纯非法获取商业秘密行为入罪提供依据,厘清该罪规制范围,基于“情节严重”的新标准重新审视“重大损失”的认定价值,并从“行为—对象—结果”三方面规范认定“情节严重”,以期回应商业秘密刑法保护的复杂性。

The Amendment(XI)to the Criminal Law largely revised the crime of infringing trade secret by making substantive legislative adjustments to the crime criteria,modes of conduct,legal liability and so on,providing important guidance for such cases.However,the regulation of the crime of infringing trade secret is still facing following difficulties:the elements of recognizing trade secrets are confronted with great controversy and challenges,the scope and identification scale of regulating the infringement is still confusing,and the recognition of“serious circumstance”and its relationship with the“significant loss”are yet not clarified.These difficulties affect the correct identification and punishment of the crime in judicial practice.In order to solve the difficult problems of regulating the crime of infringing trade secrets,further explanation of the identification of each element should be made based on recertifying the element system of trade secrets.The legal interests of the crime should be clarified to provide legal basis for regulating unlawful acquisition of trade secrets and define the scope of regulation.With the amendment of the crime criteria,it is important to re-examine the significance of identifying“significant loss”and normatively recognize“serious circumstance”from the aspects of behavior,object and result,so as to respond the complexity of the criminal protection of trade secrets.