深松与秸秆覆盖还田对半干旱区土壤碳组分和玉米产量的影响

Effects of Deep Loosening and Straw Mulching on SoilCarbon Composition and Maize Yield in Semi-Arid Areas

为促进黑龙江省西部半干旱区土壤固碳和玉米增产,以黑龙江省农业科学院耕作与秸秆长期定位试验田为研究对象,以CK(常规种植)、NFG(秸秆覆盖还田)、SFG(深松+秸秆覆盖还田)3种处理对土壤有机碳、不同粒径有机碳、水溶性有机碳含量及玉米产量的影响进行分析,研究深松与秸秆覆盖还田对半干旱区土壤碳组分和玉米产量的影响。结果表明,(1)本试验中,在0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层的土壤有机碳和水溶性有机碳含量顺序均为SFG>NFG>CK。(2)<0.053 mm粒级团聚体有机碳含量明显高于>0.250 mm和0.053~0.250 mm粒级,在0~10 cm土层,SFG、NFG处理土层>0.250 mm、<0.053 mm和0.053~0.250 mm粒级团聚体有机碳含量均比对照CK提高10%以上。(3)在10~20 cm土层,SFG处理>0.250 mm粒级和NFG处理0.053~0.250 mm粒级团聚体有机碳含量增加较为明显。(4)不同处理之间玉米穗长、穗粗和穗行数差异不显著,穗粒数和产量差异达到显著水平,其中SFG和NFG处理分别较CK产量提高了28.57%和15.10%。产量与土壤有机碳含量之间呈极显著正相关关系,与团聚体有机碳和水溶性有机碳含量呈显著正相关关系。

In order to promote soil carbon sequestration and maize yield increase in the semi-arid region of western Heilongjiang Province,the long-term positioning experimental field of cultivation and straw at the Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences was taken as the research object.The effects of CK(conventional planting),NFG(straw mulching and returning),and SFG(deep loosening+straw mulching and returning)treatments on soil organic carbon,different particle size organic carbon,water-soluble organic carbon content,and yield were analyzed,Study the effects of deep loosening and straw mulching on soil carbon composition and maize yield in semi-arid areas.The results indicate that:(1)The order of soil organic carbon and water-soluble organic carbon content in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers is SFG>NFG>CK.(2)In this experiment,the organic carbon content of clay particles(<0.053 mm)was significantly higher than that of sand particles(>0.250 mm)and silt particles(0.053-0.250 mm).(3)In the 0-10 cm soil layer,the organic carbon content of sand particles(>0.250 mm),clay particles(<0.053 mm),and silt particles(0.053-0.250 mm)treated with SFG and NFG increased by more than 10%compared to the control CK.In the 10-20 cm soil layer,the organic carbon content of SFG treated sand particles(>0.250 mm)and NFG treated powder particles(0.053-0.250 mm)increased significantly.(4)There was no significant difference in maize ear length,ear diameter,and ear row number among different treatments.The difference in grain number and yield per spike reached a significant level.Among them,SFG and NFG treatments increased the yield by 28.57%and 15.10%respectively compared to CK.There is a highly significant(P<0.01)positive correlation between yield and soil organic carbon content,and a significant(P<0.05)positive correlation with organic carbon and water-soluble organic carbon content of different particle sizes.