前列腺癌根治术后患者抗原检测焦虑心理调适的质性研究

Psychological adjustment experience of patients developing prostate-specific antigen test anxiety after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer:a qualitative study

目的 探讨前列腺癌根治术后前列腺特异性抗原检测焦虑患者的心理调适体验,为制定针对性干预策略提供参考。方法 采用描述性现象学研究方法,通过目的抽样选取12例前列腺癌根治术后前列腺特异性抗原检测焦虑患者进行半结构式深入访谈,使用Colaizzi 7步分析法整理分析访谈资料。结果 前列腺癌根治术后前列腺特异性抗原检测焦虑患者心理调适的本质为:回归正常,由3个主题以及8个亚主题组成,包括情绪调适(间歇性恐惧、周期性焦虑、获得控制感)、认知调适(疾病认知的改变、需求认识的提升)和行为调适(回避与掩饰、更健康的生活方式、参与社会行动)。结论 前列腺癌根治术后前列腺特异性抗原检测焦虑患者通过情绪、认知和行为3个方面的心理调适努力回归正常生活,医护人员应关注患者不同阶段的情绪需求变化,引导和促进患者积极的情绪、认知和行为调适,尽早回归正常生活。

Objective To explore psychological adjustment experience of patients developing prostate-specific antigen test(PSA) an-xiety after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer,and to provide a basis for the development of targeted intervention strategies.Methods A descriptive phenomenological research method was used to conduct semi-structured in-depth interviews with 12 patients developing PSA anxiety after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer,who were selected through purposive sampling.The interview data were collated and analyzed using Collaizzi′s 7-step analytical method.Results The essence of psychological adjustment experience in patients developing PSA anxiety after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer was returning to normalcy,which consisted of 3 themes branching into 8 sub-themes,including emotional adjustment(intermittent fear,cyclical anxiety,gaining a sense of control),cognitive adjustment(change in disease perception,increased need awareness) and behavioral adjustment(avoidance and masking,healthier lifestyles,participation in social activities).Conclusion Patients developing PSA anxiety after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer strive to return to normal life through psychological adjustment in three aspects of emotion,cognition,and behavior.In the future,healthcare professionals should pay attention to the changes in patients′ emotion needs at different stages,and guide and promote patients′ positive emotional,cognitive,and behavioral adjustment.