初产妇6个月纯母乳喂养行为的归因模型构建

Construction of attribution model for 6-month exclusive breastfeeding behavior among first-time mothers

目的 探索初产妇6个月纯母乳喂养行为形成的内外因素及作用机制,构建初产妇成功实施纯母乳喂养行为的归因模型,为采取针对性措施提高纯母乳喂养率提供参考。方法 运用扎根理论研究方法对15名成功实施6个月纯母乳喂养的初产妇进行半结构式访谈,在此基础上构建归因模型。结果 确定获得动机(知晓母乳喂养的利处、知晓奶粉喂养的弊端)、采取行动(遇到困难寻求帮助、主动学习喂养知识)、内外调节(内部:提高自我效能,外部:家庭及医院支持)、动力产生(感知幸福、主动辨别信息)、获得改变(掌握喂养规律、建立供需平衡)、持续维持(有持续的泌乳、长期的成长优势、家庭及社会支持)6个主范畴及13个副范畴,根据主、副范畴之间的关系获得初产妇6个月纯母乳喂养行为的归因模型。结论 母乳喂养的起点是获得动机,继而产生行为,内外调节是遭遇困难后的转机,当初产妇获得动力、收获改变后,更易产生更长时间母乳喂养的行为。

Objective To explore the internal and external factors and mutual mechanisms,to construct an attribution model for successful implementation for exclusive breastfeeding behavior among first-time mothers,and to develop of targeted measures to increase exclusive breastfeeding rates.Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 15 first-time mothers who had successfully implemented exclusive breastfeeding 6 month after childbirth.Then an attribution model was constructed.Results Six main categories and 13 sub-categories were identified:harvesting motivation(understanding the benefits,and understanding the drawbacks of formula feeding),taking action(seeking help in the face of difficulties,and taking initiative to learn feeding knowledge),internal and external regulation(improving self-efficacy,family and hospital support),impetus for action(perceiving happiness,and actively identifying information),achieving changes(grasping the feeding pattern,and establishing the balance between supply and demand),maintenance(continuous lactation,long-term growth advantages,family and social support).Then the relationship between the main and sub-categories was incorporated into the theoretical model,and finally the attribution model of primipara′s 6-month exclusive breastfeeding behavior was obtained.Conclusion Harvesting motivation is the starting point of breastfeeding,followed by taking action;internal and external regulation is the turning point after encountering difficulties.First-time mothers who gain motivation and reap the benefits of change are more likely to engage in breastfeeding behaviors for longer periods of time.