“中国农村派”近代农户分类思想研究

Research on the Classification Thought of Modern Peasant Households of the"Chinese Rural School"

20世纪30年代中国农村社会性质论战,集中了以“中国农村派”为代表的左翼经济学家与“中国经济派”学术团体的讨论。讨论的基础集中于农户分类与经济地位的认识。“中国农村派”为代表的左翼经济学家提出了综合物质因素和社会因素的农户分类方法。这种方法考虑了各地生产力差别造成的标准差异,集中体现农民分化的客观事实,进而为科学地改造与建设农村奠定了基础。农户分类思想的本质是马克思主义在中国近代农村理论实践中的具体运用。左翼经济学家对农村、农民的认识与中国共产党土地革命之间的辩证统一,展现了两者相同概念背后的底层逻辑,即“阶级-革命性”的政治动能与“生产力-生产关系”的理论分析两种倾向。左翼经济学家践行了一条以马克思主义为指导的白区农村调查与理论实践的道路。

The debate on the nature of Chinese rural society in the 1930s focused on the discussions between the lef-wing economists represented by the"Chinese Rural School"and the"Chinese Economic School"academic group.The basis of the discussion focued on the understanding of household classification and economic status.The left-wing economists represented by the""Chinese Rural School"proposed a classification method of peasant households that integrated material and social factors.This method takes into account the differences in standards caused by the differences in productivity acrosss regions,embodies the objective fact of the differentiation of the peasant class,and lays the foundation for the scientific transformation and construction of rural areas.The essence of the idea of peasant household classification is the specific application of Marxism in the practice of rural theory in modern China.The dialectical unity between left-wing economists'cognition of rural areas,the peasants and the CCP's land revolution reveals the underlying logic behind the shared concepts of"class-revolutionary"political momentum and the"productive forces-production relations".Left-wing economists pursued a road of conducting rural surveys and theoretical practices in white areas of China,guided by Marxism.