《古文苑》辞赋“选系”三论

Three Theories on“Selection Series”of“Gu Wen Yuan”

《古文苑》既是一部通代诗文总集,也可视为一部选本。就选赋而论,《古文苑》上承继《文选》,中比肩《文选补遗》,下启发《续古文苑》,构成了“一源三流”的“选系”群体。《古文苑》“选系”构成的内在配合力主要在于选域跨度大体相同、编选义例比附《文选》、选文篇目“补《文选》所遗”,而成为“文选学”广、续系列的重要组成部分。内争衡文、道,外诠分古、律,是该“选系”成员间以及与其他赋选的主要分歧点。在赋学批评理论的价值取向上,则共同体现出以选为史的意识、以选见志的用心、以选察时的目的。此“选系”虽因所在文教背景与时代思潮的差异在后世产生了影响不一的流布效果,却共同形塑出我国古代一种重要的赋学批评形态选本批评。

Gu Wen Yuan(Collection of Ancient Prose and Poetry)is not only a collection of poems and proses,but also an anthology.As far as Fu is concerned,Gu Wen Yuan inherits Wen Xuan,stays side by side with Supplements to Wen Xuan in the middle,and inspires“Continued Gu Wen Yuan”afterwards,the three constituting a a“selected series”group with“one source and three streams”.The internal cooperating force and regular tendency of the selection of Gu Wen Yuan mainly lies in the fact that the selection span and layout is roughly the same as Wen Xuan,and the selected articles“make up for the loss of Wen Xuan”,thus it becomes a“literary anthology”.The main divergences in this selection are the internal balance of literariness and morality,and the external interpretation of ancient and melody.They embodied three value orientations in the criticism of the anthology of fu studies,taking the selection as history,taking the selection to see the ambition,and taking the selection to observe the time.Because of the difference of literature and education background and trend of thought fashion,it has produced different effect in later ages,but together it has shaped an important form of fu criticism in ancient times,namely the criticism of anthologies.