海洋领域重大科技项目业主制管理模式探析——以大型深潜装备和海洋科考船为例

Research on Owner Management Mode of Marine Major Science&Technology Project:Cases of Large Deep-Dive Equipment and Marine Research Vessel

随着创新驱动发展和科技自立自强的深入推进,我国启动实施了一系列海洋领域重大科技项目,对项目运行及成果管理提出了更高要求。作为一种高效的项目管理模式,业主制管理越来越广泛地应用于重大科技项目的组织管理过程,表现出显著的优势和潜力,但目前尚未形成统一的涉海项目管理平台和协调机制。基于此,本文首先分析了美国、法国、日本各类深潜装备和海洋科考船的运维管理经验,总结出由国家主导投资并拥有所有权、所有者委托业主管理,以及使用权开放共享的普遍特征。然后,通过调研国内大型深潜装备及海洋科考船的运维管理现状,发现存在管理主体分散、统筹协调机制不健全和开放共享不足等问题。最后,从科技管理体制改革、共享平台系统和业主遴选与考评等方面对完善海洋领域重大科技项目业主制管理模式和机制提出发展建议。

In the process of innovation-driven development and self-reliance in science and technology(S&T),China has initiated and implemented a series of marine major S&T projects,which put forward higher requirements for project operation and achievement management.As an efficient project management mode,owner project management is increasing widely used in the organization and management process of S&T projects,showing great advantages and potentials.This paper first summarizes the management experience of marine research ships and deep-dive equipment in the United States,France and Japan,and find some common practice,that is,state-led investment and ownership,entrust owner management and open sharing of use rights.Then,the operation and management status of large deep submarine equipment and marine research ships in China are investigated,in which some problems such as dispersed management,imperfect coordination and insufficient opening and sharing are identified.Finally,some policy suggestions are put forward from the aspects of S&T management system reform sharing platform system and owner selection and evaluation to improve the owner management mode of marine major S&T project.