金融双向开放是否促进了商业银行盈利能力?——基于85家商业银行的盈利分析

Does the Two-way Financial Openness Promote the Profitability of Commercial Banks?—An Profitability Analysis based on 85 Commercial Banks

基于熵值法测得我国的事实金融双向开放度和85家具有代表性的商业银行2013—2020年的非平衡面板数据,运用系统GMM的方法,实证分析金融双向开放对商业银行盈利能力的影响。结果发现,金融双向开放对银行盈利能力有正向促进作用,且对国有银行和农商行盈利的促进作用大于股份制银行和城商行。同时在剔除国有银行后,在金融双向开放水平提高过程中,小银行的盈利能力提升的影响程度比大银行更大。因此,银行业需利用金融双向开放的正向效应积极坚持“引进来”和“走出去”,政府应重点关注中小型银行的经营水平以及国有银行和农商行的稳健性发展。此外,政府需加快我国金融制度顶层设计,完善监管框架和制度体系,提升金融监管的透明度和有效性。

Based on the actual two-way financial openness measured by the entropy method and the unbalanced panel data of 85 representative commercial banks from 2013 to 2020,this paper empirically analyzes the impact of two-way financial openness on the profitability of commercial banks using the system GMM method.The results show that the two-way financial openness has a positive effect on the profitability of banks,and the two-way financial openness has a greater effect on the profitability of state-owned banks and rural commercial banks than joint-stock banks and urban commercial banks.At the same time,after excluding state-owned banks,small banks have a greater impact on the improvement of profitability than large banks in the process of improving the level of two-way financial openness.Therefore,the banking industry needs to take advantage of the positive effect of two-way financial openness to actively adhere to the principle of“bringing in”and“going out”.At the same time,in the process of opening up,the government should focus on the operation level of small and medium-sized banks,as well as the steady development of state-owned banks and rural commercial banks,so as to promote the overall banking industry to strengthen its own management and innovation capabilities.In addition,the government needs to speed up the top-level design of China’s regulatory framework and system,improve the transparency and effectiveness of financial regulation,expand the two-way openness of finance and standardize the development of the banking industry.