宋代士人阶层向下流动原因考论

A Study on the Reasons for the Downward Flow of Scholar Class in the Song Dynasty

宋代社会阶层流动异常活跃,尤值得注意的是士人阶层向下流动。究其原因,核心在于多方的机会结构驱使下导致向上流动的难度提升这一客观事实。此外,宋代科举制度的两面性虽然存在,但不影响统治阶层将其作为调节资源、缓和社会矛盾的有效手段。当仕宦家族的地位仍需依靠科举考试来维持时,宋代社会的性质已然有所改变。

The social mobility in the Song Dynasty was extremely active,especially the downward mobility of the scholar class.The core of the reason was the objective fact that the upward mobility was more difficult driven by the multiple opportunity structure.In addition,although the dual nature of the Song Dynasty imperial examination system existed,it did not affect the ruling class’s use of it as an effective means to regulate resources and alleviate social conflicts.When the status of the official family still relied on the imperial examination to maintain,the nature of Song Dynasty society had changed.