植物中甜菜色素的研究进展

Research Progress of Betalain in Plants

甜菜色素是一类水溶性含氮色素,与花青素在功能和器官分布上具有很多相似性。文章综述了国内外在甜菜色素研究中的相关进展,以期为更好地理解甜菜色素的生物合成机制及进一步开发利用提供参考依据。甜菜色素主要存在于石竹目植物中,分为甜菜红素和甜菜黄素,它不仅具有吸引昆虫授粉的作用,还可作为一种重要的渗透调节物质和非酶促抗氧化剂帮助植物抵抗逆境,维持植物体内正常的生理活动。甜菜色素生物合成途径独特,具有重要的医疗保健价值,目前已被广泛应用于食品、药物和化妆品中。文章从理化性质、合成代谢调控、生物学功能和应用价值等方面对甜菜色素进行了介绍,重点阐述了近年来在甜菜色素和花青素的关系以及光对甜菜色素生物合成影响方面的研究进展。

Betalains is a kind of water-soluble nitrogen-containing pigments, which have many similarities with anthocyanins in function and organ distribution. To better understand the biosynthetic mechanism and provide a reference for further development and utilization of betalains, the relevant research progress of betalains at home and abroad was reviewed in this paper. Betalains mainly exists in Caryophyllales. It can be divided into betacyanins and betaxanthins. Betalain not only has the function of attracting insects for pollination, but also can act as an important osmoregulation substance and non-enzymatic antioxidant to help plants to defense against various biotic and abiotic stress cues and maintain normal physiological ac-tivities. Betalain has unique biosynthetic pathway and important medical and health value, and has been widely used in food, medicine and cosmetics. This paper introduced the betalain from the aspects of physi-cal and chemical properties, biosynthetic pathway, biological functions and application value, especially fo-cused on the research progress of the relationship between betalain and anthocyanin and the effects of light on betalain biosynthesis.