植物角质层蜡质组成、生物合成及响应外界胁迫功能研究进展

Research Progresses on Composition,Biosynthesis,and Functions in Response to Outer Stresses of Plant Cuticular Wax

为了探讨植物角质层蜡质在植物响应生物胁迫与非生物胁迫中的功能,为改良植物性状、提高作物品质及作物遗传育种提供新的资源,对植物角质层蜡质的组成、生物合成途径及功能进行综述:植物角质层蜡质主要由长链脂肪酸及其衍生物即烷烃、醛类、酮类、初级醇、次级醇和蜡酯等组成;生物合成途径可分为3个步骤,即C16、C18脂肪酸的从头合成、C16、C18脂肪酸延伸形成长链脂肪酸和长链脂肪酸通过酰基还原途径和脱羰基;植物角质层蜡质在植物响应干旱、紫外线辐射和抗病虫害等非生物和生物胁迫中发挥重要功能。指出利用新的生物技术对蜡质功能及作用机制进行深入研究,探讨植物的抗逆性,是今后的研究方向。

To explore functions of plant cuticular wax in response to biotic and abiotic stresses,and provide new resources for improving plant traits as well as enhancing crop quality and genetic breeding,composition,biosynthesis pathways,and functions of plant cuticular wax were reviewed,including main composition of plant cuticular wax such as long-chain fatty acids and their derivatives(alkanes,aldehydes,ketones,primary alcohols,secondary alcohols,and wax esters),three steps of biosynthesis pathway such as de novo synthesis of C16 and C18 fatty acids,elongation of C16 and C18 fatty acids to form long-chain fatty acids,and synthesis of wax components through acyl reduction and decarbonylation pathways of long-chain fatty acids,as well as important functions of plant cuticular wax in responses to abiotic and biotic stresses such as drought,ultraviolet radiation and disease and pest resistance.The future research direction was pointed out to be using new biotechnology to research functions and mechanism of wax and discussing stress resistance of plants.