北齐后期发敕、发诏授官及其影响——以《文馆词林·敕上·除授》为中心

Conferring Official Position by Chi(敕)and Zhao(诏)and Its Influences in Late Northern Qi Dynasty:Centering on the Item“Chushou(除授)of Chishang(敕上)”in Wenguan Cilin(文馆词林)

《文馆词林》保存的北齐后期皇帝除授官员职务的“敕”分为两类:一为“件授如右”敕,是北齐皇帝对吏部上奏官职拟选名单的批复,它是吏部铨选运作的一个重要环节;二为以皇帝名义发布的除授官员职务敕,它与发诏授官同属官职除授的重要形式,但各有对应的官职除授范围。北齐后期皇帝发诏、发敕授官和“件授如右”敕,不仅与唐代“册授”“制授”“敕授”和“旨授”存在渊源关系,是唐代选授之法的重要来源,而且对唐代制敕授官文书产生了重要影响。

Chi(敕,the imperial orders)issued by the emperor to confer official positions in the late Northern Qi Dynasty preserved in Wenguan Cilin(《文馆词林》)can be divided into two categories.The first one is Chi“Jian Shou Ru You”(件授如右),which was the emperor s written reply to the list of official posts submitted by the Ministry of Personnel,and also an important link in the operation of selecting officials by the Ministry of Personnel.The second one is Chi that was issued in the name of the emperor to confer official posts,which also belongs to the same important form of conferring official positions as Zhao(诏,imperial edicts),but each has its corresponding scope of official position conferred.In the late Northern Qi Dynasty,conferring official positions by imperial edicts in the form of Zhao,Chi and Chi“Jian Shou Ru You”,which is not only an important source of the rule of official selection of Tang Dynasty,but also has a significant influence on the document of conferring official posts in the Tang Dynasty.