辽代斡鲁朵内的部族组织研究

A Study of the Tribal Organization of Ordo in Liao Dynasty

斡鲁朵内的部族组织由石烈、抹里和瓦里三种基层单位构成,属于“部族”组织,而非“帐族”组织,有相对固定的驻牧地,不追随辽帝捺钵。在辽朝中期以前,辽帝通过建立隶属于斡鲁朵的石烈和抹里组织,削弱契丹部族势力。在辽朝中期以后,受到自然环境恶化和契丹部族势力式微等因素的影响,斡鲁朵内的石烈和抹里组织逐渐被迁离“契丹故地”,转向对奚人的镇戍。瓦里是由契丹贵族罪犯组成的基层组织,是辽帝削弱契丹贵族势力的工具。瓦里的分布地与契丹“分地”的继承制度有关。

The tribal organization within Ordo was composed of three basic units called Shilie(石烈),Moli(抹里)and Wali(瓦里).It belonged to a‘tribal’organization rather than a“clan”organization,and had relatively fixed grazing areas rather than following Liao Emperor NaBo(捺钵).Prior to middle Liao Dynasty,Liao Emperor weakened the power of Khitan aristocracy by establishing Shilie and Moli organizations under Ordo.After middle Liao Dynasty,due to factors such as the deterioration of the natural environment and decline of Khitan tribal power,Shilie and Moli organizations within Ordo were gradually relocated away from“Khitan s former territory”and shifted towards governing Xi(奚)people.Wali(瓦里)was grassroots organization composed of criminals from the Khitan aristocracy,and was a tool used by Liao Emperor to weaken the power of Khitan aristocrats.The distribution of Wali was related to the inheritance system of Khitan“Fendi”(分地).