“效”与“觉”:魏源对朱熹“生知”的“接着讲”

“Xiao”and“Jue”:The Development of Zhu Xi’s Concept“Shengzhi”by Wei Yuan

朱熹与魏源都重视“生知”的命题。朱子的“生知”是在处理“致知”与“尽心”之间的矛盾时提出的,认为具有“生知”资质的人“尽心”后方能成为“圣人”。魏源则从知识分类的角度进行论述,将知识分为“尊德性”与“道问学”,“尊德性”的知识需要自“觉”,“道问学”的知识需要“效”他,圣人之所以成为圣人,是因为圣人有自“觉”的资质,此即魏源的“生知”。魏源对“生知”的诠释是对朱子的“接着讲”。

Zhu Xi and Wei Yuan both emphasize“shengzhi”.Zhu Xi’s concept of“shengzhi”was put forward while dealing with the contradiction between“zhizhi”and“jinxin”.He believed that only when a man has the quality of“shengzhi”can he become a“sage”after“jinxin”.Wei Yuan discussed this from the perspective of knowledge,dividing knowledge into“zun dexing”and“dao wenxue”,the former achieved by“jue”,the later by“xiao”.He held that the reason for saints to become saints is because they are qualified with“jue”.Wei Yuan’s interpretation of“shengzhi”is the development of the concept put forward by Zhu Xi.