明代词论之“主情与近俗”论略

Exploration on"Advocate Passion and Near Vulgar"of Ci Theories in the Ming Dynasty

“主情与近俗”是明代词论中一对颇为重要的审美范畴。在两宋金元的词论中,多有关涉词之主情、雅俗的阐述,这些为明代词论同类话题的诠解提供了思考基础。明前期,叶蕃、陈敏政、梁桥等人推崇词之教化主理,而强调词之主情是明代中后期词论的重要话题,对其发展有所贡献的主要有张綖、周逊、王世贞、沈际飞、陈子龙等人。就明代词论中雅俗观的嬗递情形来看,前期词学批评以雅正刚健为主流,中期众多词论者倡导近俗观念,而后期论述又复归至雅正之途。明代词论关涉主情与近俗的阐述,对清人的启发意义颇大。对明代词论之“主情与近俗”展开细读剖析,可还原千年词学史的重要一页。

“Advocating passion and being popular”were a pair of important aesthetic categories of Ci theories in the Ming dynasty.There were many explanations on advocating passion and being popular in the Song,Jin,and Yuan dynasties’Ci theories,providing a basis for the interpretation of similar topics in the Ming dynasty.In the early Ming dynasty,Ye Fan,Chen Minzheng,Liang Qiao,and others highly valued education function and rationality of Ci.Emphasizing“advocating passion”of Ci as an important topic in Ci theories was in the middle and late Ming dynasty,and the main contributors to its development were Zhang Yan,Zhou Xun,Wang Shizhen,Shen Jifei,Chen Zilong,and others.From perspective of evolution of Ci theories in the Ming dynasty,in the early stage,elegance and rigor were the mainstream,while in the middle Ming dynasty,many Ci theorists advocated for being popular,while in the late Ming dynasty,the discourse returned to path of elegant and upright.The expositions of“advocating passion and being popular”of Ci theories in the Ming dynasty were great inspiration to people in the Qing dynasty.A close reading and analysis of the“advocating passion and being popular”of Ci theories in the Ming dynasty could restore an important page in the thousand year history of Ci learning.