曲面型纤维复材防护掩体在爆炸冲击波下的响应特性

Response Characteristics of Curved Fiber Composite Protective Shelter under the action of Explosive Shock Wave

自二战以来战场上遗留了大量未爆弹,为合理高效地处置未爆弹,需要强防护和轻量化的防爆掩体以保护拆弹专家的安全。基于该背景,选取铝合金6061-T6、超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维层合板和碳纤维层合板3种材料,通过实爆实验和有限元仿真结合的方式,对比研究曲面型防爆掩体与方型防爆掩体在冲击波作用下的抗变形能力和冲击波超压衰减效果。3种材料平板的爆炸实验结果发现,相同面密度靶板的抗变形能力排序为碳纤维层合板>UHMWPE纤维层合板>铝板;由仿真结果可知曲面结构的抗变形能力优于平面结构;在2 kg TNT 3 m距离、0.5 m高处爆炸冲击下,相较于方型防爆掩体,曲面型防爆掩体因其更好的抗变形能力以产生更小的透射超压,在小变形的情况下使掩体内部超压不超过20 kPa,可以保证内部人员安全无伤,其中,材料选择对于曲面型防爆掩体削波效果的影响不大,方型防爆掩体采用碳纤维层合板的效果最好。

A significant number of unexploded bombs have remained on the battlefield since World War II.To handle these unexploded bombs effectively and efficiently,it is crucial to provide a robust protection and lightweight explosion-proof shelter that ensures the safety of bomb disposal experts.In this study,three materials were selected:aluminum alloy 6061-T6,ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE) fiber laminates and carbon fiber laminates.The deformation resistance and shock wave overpressure attenuation effects of curved and square explosion-proof shelters under the action of shock wave are compared through real explosion experiment and finite element simulation.The test results indicate that,for target plate with equal surface density,the carbon fiber laminates exhibit superior deformation resistance compared to UHMWPE fiber laminates and aluminum plates.Furthermore,the simulated results demonstrate that the curved structures offer better deformation resistance than square structures.Finally,when the curved explosion-proof shelter is subjected to an explosive impact at a distance of 3 m from a 2 kg TNT charge at a height of 0.5 m,it generates lower transmission overpressure than the square counterpart due to its enhanced deformation resistance.In the case of minimal deformation observed in this scenario,the overpressure within the shelter remains below 20 kPa—ensuring personnel safety without any injuries incurred.Material selection has minimal influence on the clipping effect of curved explosion-proof shelter,however,the carbon fiber laminates yield the optimal explosion-proof effect for square explosion-proof shelters.