数字化口腔定位支架在头颈部肿瘤放射治疗中的应用现状

Present application of digital oral positioning stents in radiotherapy of head and neck tumor

在放射治疗中,由于射线不可避免地对正常细胞产生辐射作用,头颈部肿瘤患者常会发生严重的口腔并发症,例如:放射治疗诱发性口腔黏膜炎、张口困难、吞咽困难、放射性颌骨坏死和放射性龋病等。这些并发症会影响甚至中断放射治疗的进行,对放射治疗后患者的生活质量造成难以估量的影响。为减小放射治疗带来不利影响,近年来,国内外学者对口腔定位支架(OPS)开展了广泛的研究,其中传统型OPS对一些口腔并发症的预防起到明显的作用,但其在设计制作以及推广应用上存在一些不足,数字化OPS的研究应运而生。本文主要对数字化OPS的设计制作方法、口腔并发症的预防以及放射治疗摆位的影响进行总结分析,对其应用前景进行了展望。

In radiotherapy,normal tissues are inevitably damaged by radiation.Thus,patients suffering from head and neck tumor often develop serious oral complications,such as radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis,trismus,dysphagia,radiation osteonecrosis of the jaws,and radiation caries.These complications can affect or interrupt the delivery of radiation therapy.Accordingly,they have an immeasurable impact on the quality of patients’lives after radiotherapy.To reduce the adverse effects of radiotherapy,domestic and foreign scholars have conducted extensive research on oral positioning stents(OPS).Conventional OPS plays a significant role in the prevention of those oral complications,but they have any disadvantages in design,fabrication,promotion,and application.Research on digital OPS has emerged.This work summarizes and analyzes the fabrication process,prevention of oral complications,and radiotherapy setup with digital OPS to improve the research direction and application prospects.