数字藏品平台犯罪行为的刑法规制

Regulate Criminal Behaviors on Digital Collection Platforms by Criminal Law

基于对数字藏品及平台价值的研究,审查认定数字藏品平台犯罪,应当坚持刑法谦抑性原则,以犯罪构成要件为标准对涉案数字藏品平台行为进行具体分析,不宜简单否定。数字藏品平台经营上存在行政违法性,但并不当然构成非法经营、非法集资犯罪。经营中违规使用第四方支付,可以非法经营支付结算条款予以规制;以约定回购等承诺回报方式发行自营数字藏品,可以非法吸收公众存款罪予以规制;以恶意掏空、任意挥霍、转移财产等方式非法占有客户财产,可以集资诈骗(诈骗)罪予以规制。审查时要重点围绕数字藏品价格、经营模式、资金流向三个方面进行,避免将经营失败等民事行为当作犯罪处理。

Based on the research on digital collectibles and the value of platforms,when conducting the examination and determination of crimes committed by digital collectible platforms,we should adhere to the principle of criminal law restraints,and conduct a specific analysis of behaviors of related digital collectible platforms according to the criteria of criminal constituent elements instead of simply denying it.Administrative violations exist in the operation of digital collectible platforms,but they are not necessarily categorized as illegal business operation or illegal fund-raising crimes.The violation of the use of fourth-party payments in business operations can be regulated by illegal payment settlement clauses.Issuing self operated digital collectibles through promised returns such as agreed buybacks can be regulated as the crime of illegally absorbing public deposits.Illegal possession of customers'property by malicious emptying,arbitrary squandering,and transfer of property can be regulated as fund-raising fraud(fraud).The examination should focus on three aspects:digital collectible prices,business models,and capital flows so as to avoid treating civil behaviors such as business failures as crimes.