不同缓释肥组配对豫南再生稻生长及产量的影响

Effects of Different Slow-release Fertilizer Groups on Growth and Yield of Regenerative Rice in Southern Henan

通过使用不同组配的缓控释肥,探讨豫南再生稻轻简化栽培技术的可行性及产量形成原因。结果表明:不同处理下,头季稻增产的主要因素是通过穗粒肥提高了头季稻总颖花量;再生季增产的主要因素是通过促芽肥提高了再生季的叶面积指数和干物质量来提高再生率。精确定量施肥条件下,由于肥料施入及时合理,两季总产量、氮肥贡献率均为最高。新型再生稻专用肥在头季稻生长期分两次施肥,分别作基蘖肥和穗芽肥施入,少施2次肥,两季总产量为13.9 t/hm^(2),较精确定量施肥产量减少1055 kg/hm^(2),人工及肥料成本较精确定量施肥减少990元/hm^(2),净收入较精确定量施肥减少1478元/hm^(2),较精确定量施肥仅低3.5%。可根据当地的用工情况使用新型再生稻套餐肥,最终达到稳产增收的目的。

The feasibility of light and simplified cultivation technology of ratooning rice in southern Henan and the reasons for yield formation were discussed by applying different combinations of slow and controlled release fertilizers.The results showed that under different treatments,the main factor for the yield increase of the first season rice was to increase the total spikelet amount by panicle grain fertilizer;The main factor of increasing yield in the regeneration season was to improve the regeneration rate by improving the leaf area index and dry matter quality in the regeneration season through bud promoting fertilizer.Under the condition of precise and quantitative fertilization,due to the timely and reasonable application of fertilizer,the total yield and nitrogen contribution rate of the two seasons were the highest.The new special fertilizer for ratooning rice was applied twice in the first season of rice growth,and applied as basal tiller fertilizer and ear bud fertilizer respectively.The total yield of the two seasons was 13.9 t/hm^(2),which was 1055 kg/hm^(2) lower than that of precise quantitative fertilization.The cost of labor and fertilizer was 990 yuan/hm^(2) lower than that of precise quantitative fertilization.The net income was 1478 yuan/hm^(2) lower than that of precise quantitative fertilization,which was only 3.5%lower than that of precise quantitative fertilization.According to the local employment situation,the new type of ratooning rice set fertilizer could be used to achieve the goal of stabilizing production and increasing income.