高温热害对红心猕猴桃影响研究——以2022年四川盆区为例

Study on the Impact of High-Temperature Heat Stress on Red-fleshed Kiwifruit:A Case Study of the Sichuan Basin in 2022

为研究高温热害对红心猕猴桃的影响,采用红心猕猴桃高温热害指数,以2022年四川盆区高温热害为例,利用红心猕猴桃农业气象观测记录、品质试验数据和园区高温热害调研资料,就高温热害及其对红心猕猴桃产量和品质的影响进行定量评估。结果表明,2022年四川盆区红心猕猴桃高温热害为1978年以来最强,平均强度指数、覆盖率、综合影响评估指数刷新了记录。极端高温热害对猕猴桃产量和品质造成严重影响,其中较2021年,单果重平均下降19%~46%,着色平均下降1~2个等级,糖度增加15%~50%,可溶性固形物变化不大,在±3.2%以内,可滴定酸增加15.6%,维生素C含量平均增加13.6%~86.2%,单宁减少9.8%~61.5%。糖酸、单宁数据变化异于常年,使得口味变淡或怪异。高温热害影响与强度呈正相关,高温热害越强影响越大。高温热害与防灾减灾能力呈负相关。针对猕猴桃园区,提前发布猕猴桃高温热害预警,采取大棚遮阴、地面覆草和适当灌溉等,改善园区小气候环境的措施,可有效减轻高温热害影响。

In order to study the effects of high-temperature heat stress on red-fleshed kiwifruit,the hightemperature heat stress index for red-fleshed kiwifruit was employed.Taking the high-temperature heat stress in the Sichuan basin in 2022 as an example,quantitative evaluations were conducted on the impact of hightemperature heat stress on yield and quality of red-fleshed kiwifruit using agricultural meteorological observation records,quality test data,and surveys on high-temperature heat stress in red-fleshed kiwifruit orchards.The results showed that the high-temperature heat stress on red-fleshed kiwifruit in the Sichuan basin in 2022 was the most severe since 1978,with the average intensity index,coverage rate,and comprehensive impact assessment index all breaking previous records.Extreme high-temperature heat stress had a significant impact on yield and quality of red-fleshed kiwifruit.The average individual fruit weight decreased by 19%-46%compared to the previous year,coloration deteriorated by 1-2 grades,sugar content increased by 15%-50%,and soluble solids showed little change,within±3.2%.Titratable acidity increased by 15.6%,vitamin C content increased by 13.6%-86.2%,and tannin content decreased by 9.8%-61.5%compared to the previous year.Changes in sugar-to-acid ratio and tannin content deviated from normal,resulting in a less appealing or peculiar taste.The impact of high-temperature heat stress was positively correlated with its intensity,indicating that a stronger heat stress led to a greater impact.Furthermore,there was an inverse correlation between high-temperature heat stress and disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities.For red-fleshed kiwifruit orchards,issuing early warnings for high-temperature heat stress and implementing measures such as shade netting,ground cover,and appropriate irrigation can effectively alleviate the adverse effects of high-temperature heat stress.