不同前茬作物对植烟土壤养分的影响

Effects of Previous Crops on Nutrients in Tobacco Planting Soil

通过对比楚雄烟区不同前茬作物对植烟土壤养分的影响,筛选有利于烤烟生长的前茬作物类型,对指导烤烟生产具有重要意义。结果表明:冬闲田和种植大麦后部分土壤pH偏碱,且有效氮含量偏低,在种植烤烟时需改善土壤酸碱度,增加有机质施用量。种植蚕豆后有33.33%土壤pH偏碱,且部分土壤有机质含量处于极缺乏-缺乏水平,有机碳含量偏低。种植小麦后98%以上土壤pH处于适宜种植烤烟水平,且土壤有机质、有机碳、速效钾含量最高,土壤肥力适宜后续烤烟种植。种植油菜后土壤有机质、有机碳含量丰富,速效钾、速效氮含量适中,土壤肥力适中。综上所述,小麦是烤烟适宜的前茬作物,其次为油菜,种植蚕豆后需要对碱性土壤改良,种植冬闲田和大麦后要关注调节酸碱度和增施有机质。

The effects of different previous crops on soil nutrients were compared in Chuxiong to screen suitable previous crops for tobacco.It was of great significance to guide the production of flue-cured tobacco.The results showed that the pH of some soil in winter fallow field and after barley planting was much higher,and the content of available nitrogen was much lower.So it was necessary to improve the soil pH and increase the amount of organic matter when planting flue-cured tobacco.After planting broad beans,33.33%of the soil pH was higher,and the content of organic matter in some soil was in a very deficient level,and the content of organic carbon was low.After wheat planting,more than 98%of the soil pH was suitable for tobacco planting,and the content of soil organic matter,organic carbon and available potassium was the highest.The soil fertility was suitable for subsequent tobacco planting.After planting rape,the soil organic matter and organic carbon content were rich,the content of available potassium and available nitrogen and fertility was moderate.In all,wheat was suitable previous crop for flue-cured tobacco,followed by rape.After planting broad beans,soil pH needed to be improved.Winter fallow fields and after planting barley,attention should be paid to adjusting pH and increasing organic matter.