天津农田三种典型冬绿肥的施磷效应

Effects of phosphorus application on three typical winter green manures in Tianjin farmland

绿肥是促进土壤培肥、增加作物产量和保障粮食安全的重要途径,对绿肥生长季施磷效应的研究有助于为华北旱地绿肥应用模式中磷肥的管理与调控提供理论依据。采用盆栽试验,对天津农田3种典型冬绿肥生育期施用不同用量磷肥(100%P、80%P、60%P、0P),研究其对绿肥作物生长、土壤性状、土壤健康和施磷效应的影响。结果表明,毛叶苕子和黑麦草在生育季施用60%P(P_(2)O_(5)54 kg/hm~2)、二月兰施用80%P(P_(2)O_(5)72 kg/hm~2)有利于绿肥生物量的形成和养分积累。二月兰在80%P处理的磷肥偏生产力较60%P和100%P处理分别显著提高了25.2%和43.1%,表观损失率显著降低了19.3%和17.4%。相较于80%P和100%P处理,毛叶苕子和黑麦草在60%P的磷肥偏生产力均有大幅提高,同时表观损失率显著降低。在60%施磷量下,毛叶苕子和黑麦草的土壤有机碳含量显著提高了12.9%和22.2%,全氮含量提高了20.2%和27.4%。毛叶苕子和黑麦草在60%P处理下的绿肥生长功能指数和土壤功能综合指数均高于其他处理,提高了土壤健康水平。综上,在天津农田常见的冬绿肥种植模式下,毛叶苕子和黑麦草在生长季施用60%磷肥,二月兰施用80%磷肥有利于提高绿肥产量和养分积累量,提高磷肥利用率和土壤健康水平。

The application of green manure was a critical way to promote soil fertility,increase crop yield and ensure food security.The research on the effects of phosphorus fertilizers application in green manure growing season would help to provide a theoretical basis for the management and regulation of phosphorus fertilizer in the application mode of green manure in dryland of North China.The pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different phosphorus application rates(100%P,80%P,60%P,0P) on the plant growth,soil properties,soil health and phosphorus application effects of different green manure crops.The result showed that the application of 60%phosphate fertilizer for Hairy Vetch,Ryegrass and 80%phosphate fertilizer for February Orchid during the growing season was beneficial to the formation of green manure biomass and nutrient accumulation.For the February Orchid,the partial factor productivity of phosphorus fertilizer at 80%P treatment was significantly increased by 25.2%and 43.1%compared with that of 60%P and 100%P treatments,and the apparent loss rate of phosphate fertilizer was significantly reduced by 19.3%and 17.4%.For the Hairy Vetch and Ryegrass,the partial factor productivities of phosphorus fertilizer at 60%P were significantly improved,and the apparent loss rates of phosphate fertilizer was significantly reduced,compared with those of 80%P and 100%P treatments.Under 60%phosphorus application rate,the soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content of Hairy Vetch and Ryegrass were significantly higher than those of non-phosphate fertilizer treatment,organic carbon increased by 12.9%and 22.2%,and total nitrogen increased by20.2%and 27.4%,respectively.The green manure growth function index and soil function comprehensive index of Hairy Vetch and Ryegrass at 60%P were higher than other treatments,which improved the soil health level.In conclusion,under the common winter green manure planting pattern in Tianjin farmland,the application of 60%phosphate fertilizer to Hairy Vetch and Ryegrass and 80%to February Orchid during the growing season were beneficial to increase the yield of green manure and the accumulation of nutrients,as well as the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer and the level of soil health.