以培育社会资本为路径构建城市社区治理共同体:基于国际经验的比较研究

Building the Community of Urban Grassroots Governance through Nurturing Social Capital:An International Comparative Study

建设人人有责、人人尽责、人人享有的社区治理共同体,是我国在社区层面提升社会治理效能的重要内容。有效的社区治理共同体建设是以社区成员对社区事务具有责任感以及对社区具有认同感和共同价值观为前提的,社会资本的培育和积累对于社区认同的提升能够起到积极作用,因而能够促进社区治理共同体的建设。本文以中国、纽约、东京和新加坡的城市社区治理为案例,从组织网络、民主协商和科技支撑三个维度,探讨社会资本的形成过程如何影响了社区治理共同体建设。比较分析显示,在不同的国家与社会关系模式下,以社会为主导的社会资本形成过程更有利于促进居民有效参与、提升社区信任和凝聚力。然而,在社区建设发展初期,国家仍需要发挥一定主导作用,通过扶持社会组织的成长促使其发挥民主协商的功能,从而提升社区成员的认同感和促进社区治理共同体建设。

Building a community of urban grassroots governance in which everyone fulfils their responsibilities and shares in the benefits is an important aspect of enhancing the efficiency of social governance at the community level in China.The effective construction of a community of urban grassroots governance is reflected in the recognition and common values of various governing entities towards the community.This article emphasizes the importance of social capital in building a community of urban grassroots governance and,through international comparisons using cases from New York,Tokyo,Singapore,and China,explores how the cultivation and formation process of social capital under different state-society relations models affects the construction of a community of urban grassroots governance from three dimensions:organizational networks,democratic deliberation,and technological support.Comparative analysis shows that the cultivation of social capital varies according to the models of state-society relations.The process of social capital formation led by society is conducive to effective citizen participation,promoting community trust and cohesion.However,in the early stages of community development,the state still needs to play a certain leading role in building community identity and facilitating the construction of a community of urban grassroots governance,by supporting the growth of social organizations,encouraging them to engage in democratic deliberation,and promoting the use of technological means.