穴盘苗移栽自动取投苗技术研究现状与展望

Research status and prospect of automatic seedling picking and dropping technology of plug seedling transplanting

自动取投苗技术是自动移栽机研究的关键,是推动移栽作业全面机械化、自动化发展的重要一环。自动取投苗机构种类多、结构复杂,为使研究者或用户等能够更快、更系统地了解自动取投苗技术,以文献综述的方法,归纳总结国内外穴盘苗移栽自动取投苗技术,分为夹取式、顶出式、顶夹结合式、直落式四种类型;分析不同类别取投苗技术的工作原理和特点。指出应用于实际生产的自动取投苗技术研究成果存在稳定性差、可靠性低的问题,提出完善相关评价标准,推进机械式取投苗技术研究和小型机械装备的发展,推进适合多行作业、高效移栽的取投苗技术发展的措施。展望结构简单、性能稳定及作业智能的自动取投苗技术未来趋势,以期为我国自动移栽机的发展提供参考。

The technology of automatic seedling picking and dropping is the key to the research of automatic transplanting machine,and it is an important part of promoting the comprehensive mechanization and automation of transplanting operations.There are many types of automatic seedling picking and dropping mechanisms with complex structures.In order to enable researchers or users and other relevant personnel to understand the automatic seedling picking and dropping technology faster and more systematically,this paper uses the method of literature review to automatically transplant seedlings in plug trays at home and abroad.The technology of picking and dropping seedlings is summarized and is divided into four types as follows:clipping type,ejecting type,combined top-clamping type and straight-falling type.The working principle and characteristics of different types of seedling picking and throwing technology are analyzed.It points out that the research results of automatic seeding technology applied in actual production have problems of poor stability and low reliability,and proposes measures to improve the relevant evaluation standards,promote the research of mechanical seeding technology and the development of small mechanical equipment,and promote the development of multi-row operation and efficient transplanting of seeding technology.The future development of automatic seedling picking and dropping technology with simple structure,stable performance and intelligent operation is prospected,so as to provide a reference for the development of automatic transplanting machines in China.