基于CFD的发酵床网养鸭舍冬季环境模拟与优化

Simulation and optimization of winter environment for duck house with fermentation bed net based on CFD

针对冬季规模化养殖鸭群集聚问题,对发酵床网养鸭舍温度、相对湿度和风速测试,构建鸭舍CFD模型,开展温度场、湿度场和气流场的环境模拟,提出鸭舍结构与装备的优化方案。结果表明:测试期间,舍内温度为9.80℃~17.68℃,舍内外平均温差8.29℃;舍内平均相对湿度为81.90%,略低于舍外;舍内风速为0.04~0.57 m/s。对原模型温度场、湿度场和气流场进行模拟,与实测结果进行对比,其平均相对误差为2.96%~7.67%。进一步将通风小窗开启角度从45°增大至50°,在位于湿帘侧的发酵床初始端和发酵床中心位置增设2台暖风机对原有鸭舍环境优化,模拟发现优化后模型的舍内温度从15.32℃提高到16.85℃,达到育成期蛋鸭生长最适温度;舍内平均湿度降至66.52%,较原来下降11.07%,低于高湿环境阈值;舍内平均风速从0.29 m/s提高到0.38 m/s,提高排除有害气体的能力。为同类型鸭舍改善舍内环境质量提供理论依据。

In response to the problem of large-scale duck farming in winter,temperature,relative humidity,and wind speed tests were conducted on the fermentation bed net duck breeding house.A CFD model of the duck house was constructed,and environmental simulations of temperature,humidity,and airflow fields were carried out.Optimization plans for the structure and equipment of the duck house were proposed.The results showed that during the testing period,the temperature inside the room was 9.80 ℃-17.68 ℃,and the average temperature difference between inside and outside the room was 8.29 ℃.The average relative humidity inside the house was 81.90%,slightly lower than outside.The wind speed inside the building was 0.04-0.57 m/s.The temperature,humidity,and airflow fields of the original model were simulated and compared with the measured results,with an average relative error of 2.96% to 7.67%.Further,the opening angle of the ventilation was increased from 45° to 50°,and two warm air fans were added to the initial end and center of the fermentation bed located on the wet curtain side to optimize the environment of the original duck house.Simulation showed that the temperature inside the optimized model was increased from 15.32 ℃ to 16.85 ℃,reaching the optimal temperature for the growth of egg ducks during the breeding period.The average humidity inside the house was decreased to 66.52%,a decrease of 11.07% compared to the original,which was lower than the threshold of high humidity environment.The average wind speed inside the building was increased from 0.29 m/s to 0.38 m/s,improving the ability to remove harmful gases.This study can provide a theoretical basis for improving the environmental quality of similar duck houses.