中国古代典型农具探究

Research on typical agricultural implements in ancient China

我国古代是传统的农耕社会,农具器械自古以来就是我国农业生产中不可或缺的一部分,它们是劳动人民在实际生产中创造的智慧结晶,更是农耕文明和传统文化传承的重要载体,同时也是历代画作、画像石、壁画等作品创作的重要题材。基于此,研究古代农具的发展变迁,并以耕整播种器械、灌溉器械、收获器械、加工器械为大类,通过古代美术作品中出现的农具形象,对中国古代的犁、耧、耙、耖、翻车、水车、镰、刈、锄、连枷、杵臼、磨等典型农具进行探究,结合作品分析它们的功能特点、使用方式及文化承载等。这些农具发明使用不仅提升社会生产力,直接推动我国农耕社会繁荣发展,而且将它们融入文化创作后,成为古人歌颂社会生活、寄托美好愿望、表达政治理想的重要抓手和载体。以美术作品为例证和视角来研究古代农具,为我国农耕文化遗产研究提供一种新思路,对如何挖掘提炼农耕文化中的古代智慧、科技价值和时代意义具有重要作用,也为现阶段农耕文化遗产的传承、保护、利用及乡村振兴文化建设提供参考。

Ancient China was a traditional agricultural society,and agricultural tools and equipments had always been an indispensable part of agricultural production in China.They were the wisdom created by the laboring people in practical production,as well as an important carrier of agricultural civilization and traditional culture inheritance.They had also been important subjects in the creation of various artworks throughout history,including paintings,stone carvings,and murals.This article explores the development and changes in ancient agricultural tools,categorizing them into plowing and planting tools,irrigation equipment,harvesting tools,and processing machinery.Through the images of agricultural tools found in ancient artworks,this paper delves into the study of typical ancient Chinese agricultural tools such as plows,drill,harrows,rakes,sickles,waterwheels,scythes,hoes,flail,pestle,mill and so on,and analyzes their functional characteristics,usage,and cultural significance within the context of these artworks.The invention and use of these agricultural tools not only improved societal productivity but also directly contributed to the prosperity and development of ancient Chinese agricultural society.Furthermore,when these tools were integrated into cultural creations,they became important means and carriers for ancient people to celebrate social life,express their hopes,and convey political ideals.This article uses artworks as evidence and perspective to study ancient agricultural tools,offering a new approach to the research of China's agricultural cultural heritage.It plays a crucial role in extracting and understanding the ancient wisdom,technological value,and historical significance within agricultural culture.Additionally,it provides valuable insights into the inheritance,protection,utilization,and cultural development of agricultural cultural heritage in the current rural revitalization context.