静电纺丝制备聚丙烯腈基纳米碳纤维及其储钠性能研究

Study of polyacrylonitrile-based nanocarbon fibers prepared by electrospinning technology and their sodium storage properties

在各类有机聚合物热解碳中,聚丙烯腈(PAN)因具有碳残留率高、热稳定性好、成本低、热解速率快等优点,可作为碳材料的重要前驱体。钠离子电池负极材料应尽量满足储钠效率高、价格低、性能稳定的要求,通过对电池负极材料结构设计与优化可提升其储钠容量和倍率性能。静电纺丝法因具有制备纳米纤维效率高、热稳定性好、成本低等特点而备受关注。因此,本研究利用静电纺丝技术,经280℃的预氧化处理和1000℃碳化处理工艺,制备PAN基纳米碳纤维钠离子电池材料,并研究其储钠性能。结果表明,在电流密度为68 mA/g的条件下,循环100次后充电比容量为186.6 mA·h/g,容量保持率为83.6%;倍率测试结果表明,通过静电纺丝制备的PAN基纳米碳纤维材料可逆容量高、倍率性能优异。本研究为制备钠离子电池提供了参考。

Among the various pyrolyzed carbon of organic polymers,polyacrylonitrile(PAN)is considered to be an important precursor of carbon materials because of its high carbon residue rate,good thermal stability,low cost and fast pyrolysis.The development of anode materials with higher sodium storage efficiency,cheap and stable is a key step towards the large-scale application of sodium-ion batteries,and the sodium storage capacity and rate performance can be improved by designing and optimizing the negative electrode material structure of the batteries.The electrospinning method has attracted much attention because of its high efficiency in nanofiber preparation,good thermal stability and low cost.Therefore,the PAN fiber was prepared using the electrospinning technology with pre-oxidation treatment at 280℃and carbonization heat treatment at 1000℃in this study.The fiber was used as a sodium-ion battery material to study its sodium storage performance.The results show that the charging specific capacity is still 186.6 mA·h/g after 100 cycles at a current density of 68 mA/g,and the capacity retention rate is 83.6%.The rate test also shows that the PAN-based nanocarbon fiber materials prepared by electrospinning provide a possibility for the preparation of sodium-ion batteries with high reversible capacity and excellent rate performance.This study offers reference for the preparation of sodium-ion batteries.