广州典型城中村教育异托邦的空间特征与建构机制

Educational heterotopia in an urban village of Guangzhou:Spatial character and construction mechanism

高速城镇化带来了城市多元空间的深度互嵌与交融,也衍生出不同的人地矛盾问题。其中,学校与城市内部各主体、各功能空间发生的空间摩擦现象仍然未被充分地认识和研究。选取广州市KL城中村内的一所民办打工子弟小学为案例,通过半结构访谈、参与式观察等田野调查方法,以异托邦理论作为切入点,审视城中村打工子弟学校空间的异托邦属性,并解读学校作为异托邦式空间的生产过程与机制。研究发现:①学校之于城中村是异托邦式的存在,被理解为城中村的一片“绿洲”;②学校为在城中村中保持自身空间的独特性和独立性,采用多种方式维护和强化其异托邦属性和边界;③学校与外部城市空间存在着复杂的空间摩擦和协商,但其在地方权力结构中处于边缘地位。研究在理论上揭示学校作为异托邦空间的社会性,延伸了人文地理学视域下对于异托邦空间研究的类型学,丰富了教育空间研究的知识体系,同时有望加深学界对城中村民办打工子弟学校生存困境的空间发生机制的理解,唤起社会各界对城中村民办打工子弟学校的关怀,从而为城乡流动儿童创造一个更加良好、公平的教育环境。

High-speed urbanization has brought the deep embedment and blending of urban spaces,and further resulted in the phenomenon of spatial friction and negotiation and even contradiction.Among them,the phenomenon and problems of spatial competition between schools,key actors and urban functional spaces have not been fully understood and studied.Taking a private primary school for migrant children in the largest urban village in Guangzhou as a case,this paper takes the theory of heterotopia as a starting point,discusses it through field investigation methods such as semi-structured interview and participatory observation,examines the spatial character of urban village schools,and interprets the production process of schools as heterotopia spaces.The findings are as follows:(1)The existence of schools in urban villages is different from that of other schools,which is understood as"an oasis in urban villages";(2)In order to maintain the uniqueness and independence of educational space in the urban village,the school adopts various ways to maintain and strengthen its material and symbolic boundaries;(3)There is complicated spatial friction and negotiation between the school and the external urban spaces,but the school is in a marginal position in the local power structure.The research theoretically enriches the spatial knowledge of educational research,reveals the sociality and politics of schools as a heterotopia,and thus talks about the current heterotopia studies.At the same time,it is expected to deepen the academic understanding of the mechanism of the spatial dilemma of private schools in urban villages,arouse the concern of all sectors of society for private schools in urban villages,and create a better and fairer educational environment for migrant children in urban and rural areas.