“短气”内涵解读及其类症辨析

Interpretation of the connotation of‘shortness of breath'differentiation and analysis of its similar symptoms

短气是临床不容忽视的常见症状。文章对“短气”进行诠释,明确其内涵为:主观感觉呼吸短促,气不够用或呼吸深度不够,难以接续。对“短气”病机进行解析,分虚实两端,常虚实夹杂,实责风、寒、湿等表邪和水、饮、湿等里邪内阻,虚责宗气或心、肺、肾等脏腑之气不足。对“短气”进行现代解读,其作为呼吸困难的一种形式,体征上也表现有呼吸频率、深度与节律等的客观改变,其客观量化可通过制定测评量表来实现,未来也可结合现代呼吸检测设备和技术进一步创新研发客观检测设备。同时,将“短气”与“气促”“少气”“喘”等类症进行析辨,以避免歧义、混淆,旨在指导理论研究和临床诊疗。

Shortness of breath is a common clinical symptom that cannot be ignored.This paper interprets"shortness of breath'and defines its connotation as:it refers to the subjective feeling of shortness of breath,insufficient breath or insufficient breathing depth,which is difficult to continue.The pathogenesis of'short ness of breath'can be divided into two sides,namely,deficiency and excess.The deficiency and excess are often mixed.The essence is mainly the internal resistance of exterior evils such as wind,cold and dampness and interior evils such as water,drinking and dampness;the deficiency is mainly due to the deficiency of zong qi or qi in the heart,lungs,kidneys and other viscera.Modern interpretation of shortness of breath'shows that shortness of breath,as a form of dyspnea,also shows objective changes in physical signs such as respiratory frequency,depth and rhythm.Its objective quantification can be achieved through the development of evaluation scales.In the future,objective detection equipment can also be further innovated and developed in combination with modern respiratory detection equipment and technology.At the same time,‘shortness of breath'and‘panting',‘weak breath',‘asthma'and other similar symptoms are analyzed to avoid ambiguity and confusion,so as to guide theoretical research and clinical diagnosis and treatment.