北京温榆河公园不同建成时间城市绿地鸟类群落组成的空间变化与栖息地质量评价

Spatial variations of bird community composition and habitat quality evaluation of urban green space at different construction times in Wenyu River Park in Beijing

公园作为城市绿地生态系统的重要组成部分,其鸟类群落组成与栖息地质量情况密切相关,是城市环境的重要指示指标。北京温榆河公园于2019年启动建设,是城区最大的生态空间。为了解公园建设过程中鸟类多样性的变化,给公园运行管理提供科学依据,2020年9月—2021年8月对其中2010年已建成的清河营郊野公园、2020年9月新建成的朝阳示范区、规划中尚未建设的温榆河与清河交汇处采用样线法开展鸟类多样性月度调查,并在此基础上结合遥感解译和食源植物多样性调查对鸟类栖息地质量进行评价。共记录到鸟类65种,隶属于13目29科,其中国家二级保护动物4种。温榆河与清河交汇处鸟类丰度、多度和多样性指数最高,Shannon指数平均为2.20±0.30,鸟类栖息地质量评分为优。朝阳示范区保护及受威胁鸟类多样性指数较高,Shannon指数平均为1.89±0.28,鸟类栖息地质量评分为良。清河营郊野公园鸟类多度和丰度最低,Shannon指数平均为1.49±0.27,鸟类栖息地质量评分为优。温榆河与清河交汇处是维持公园生物多样性最重要的点位,在建设中将作为核心区予以保留,减少人工绿地设置。今后公园生物多样性保护与建设中可根据鸟类的需求开展更有针对性的管理,为维持城市生物多样性提供更好的生态系统服务。

As an important part of urban green space,bird community composition of urban parks is closely related to habitat quality and can serve as a key indicator of urban environment.Beijing Wenyu River Park is the largest ecological space in Beijing City.The construction of the park started in 2019.To provide scientific supports for park management,we monitored the changes of bird diversity during the construction.From September 2020 to August 2021,monthly surveys were carried out at three sites,including Qinghe River Camp Park built in 2010,Chaoyang Demonstration Area of Wenyu River Park built in September 2020,and the planned area at confluence of the Wenyu River and Qinghe River,using transect line methods.On this basis,habitat quality assessment was carried out using remote sensing interpretation and the surveys of food-sourced plant species diversity.A total of 65 bird species from 13 orders and 29 families were recorded,including 4 national second-class protected species.The confluence of the Wenyu River and the Qinghe River recorded highest abundance,number and diversity of protected species of birds among three surveyed sites,with an averaged Shannon index of 2.20±0.30.The habitat quality was at an excellent level.Birds in Chaoyang Demonstration Area of Wenyu River Park had a relatively high number of protected and threatened bird species,with an averaged Shannon index of 1.89±0.28.The habitat quality was at a good level.The richness and abundance of birds in Qinghe River Camp Country Park was the lowest,with an averaged Shannon index of 1.49±0.27.Nevertheless,habitat quality was assessed as excellent.Our results indicated that the confluence of the Wenyu River and the Qinghe River was the most important site in maintaining the bird diversity of Wenyu River Park,which should be protected as a core area by reducing human construction.In the future,the management of Beijing Wenyu River Park should consider the habitat requirement of birds to maintain ecosystem services for supporting a greater urban biodiversity.